Transauricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation in Acute Ischaemic Stroke Requiring Mechanical Thrombectomy: Sham-Controlled, Randomised Device Trial

急性缺血性卒中需机械取栓治疗患者的经耳迷走神经刺激：一项假刺激对照、随机器械试验

Autonomic dysfunction leads to hemodynamic instability and immunosuppression after ischaemic stroke, and is independently associated with worse outcomes. We hypothesized that non-invasive peripheral neuromodulation, using transcutaneous auricular vagal nerve stimulation (tVNS), may reduce blood pressure variability and/or reverse immunosuppression early after ischaemic stroke requiring mechanical thrombectomy (MT). In this pre-registered phase 2 study (NCT05417009), we randomized 36 patients >18 years referred for emergent MT following an acute ischaemic stroke. This phase 2 study established thatearly tVNS is safe and feasible in the hyperacute phase of acute ischaemic stroke requiring MT, but did not alter systolic blood pressure variability.

自主神经功能障碍会导致缺血性中风后血液动力学不稳定和免疫抑制，并且与更差的预后独立相关。我们假设，使用经皮耳廓迷走神经刺激（tVNS）的非侵入性外周神经调节可能会降低需要进行机械取栓术（MT）的缺血性中风后早期的血压变异性和/或逆转免疫抑制。在这项预先注册的2期研究（NCT05417009）中，我们将36名年龄大于18岁、因急性缺血性中风而需紧急进行机械取栓术的患者进行了随机分组。这项2期研究证实，在需要进行机械取栓术的急性缺血性中风超急性期，早期使用经皮耳廓迷走神经刺激是安全可行的，但并未改变收缩压变异性。

REF: Ackland GL, Crane D, Ahuja S, et al. Transauricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation in Acute Ischaemic Stroke Requiring Mechanical Thrombectomy: Sham-Controlled, Randomised Device Trial. Transl Stroke Res. 2025;17(1):10. Published 2025 Dec 27. doi:10.1007/s12975-025-01404-7 PMID: 41455014 PMCID: PMC12743696

Anticoagulation after Hemorrhagic Transformation in Acute Cardioembolic Ischemic Stroke

急性心源性缺血性脑卒中出血转化后的抗凝治疗

To assess the association of anticoagulation in patients with cardioembolic acute ischemic stroke (CES) who develop hemorrhagic transformation (HT) and its impact on neuroimaging and functional outcomes. This retrospective study enrolled patients presenting with CES within 48 h at a tertiary stroke center between January 2011 and August 2023. These findings suggest that the presence of HT should not necessarily preclude the use of anticoagulation therapy in this patient population. However, our study should be interpreted as hypothesis-generating, and confirmation from future prospective studies is warranted.

评估心源性急性缺血性卒中（CES）发生出血转化（HT）患者的抗凝治疗相关性及其对神经影像学和功能结局的影响。这项回顾性研究纳入了2011年1月至2023年8月期间在一家三级卒中中心就诊、发病48小时内的CES患者。这些研究结果表明，HT的存在不一定排除在这类患者人群中使用抗凝治疗。然而，我们的研究应被视为提出假设，未来需要前瞻性研究予以证实。

REF: Kim H, An YE, Seo BS, et al. Anticoagulation after Hemorrhagic Transformation in Acute Cardioembolic Ischemic Stroke. Transl Stroke Res. 2025;17(1):9. Published 2025 Dec 26. doi:10.1007/s12975-025-01397-3 PMID: 41449294 PMCID: PMC12740959

Development and Validation of an Interpretable Hemodynamics-Based Machine Learning Model for Predicting Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformation Rupture

基于血流动力学的可解释性机器学习模型的开发与验证，用于预测脑动静脉畸形破裂

Cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is a cerebrovascular disease associated with a risk of intracranial hemorrhage. Currently, most risk prediction models for AVM rupture are based on demographic characteristics and lesion morphology, while quantitative hemodynamics-based models remain scarce. This study aims to identify potential biomarkers associated with hemorrhagic risk through quantitative analysis of hemodynamic parameters within AVM lesions, and to develop a predictive model for AVM rupture risk. The findings suggest that quantitative hemodynamic analysis holds significant promise for improving individualized risk stratification and clinical decision-making in patients with cerebral arteriovenous malformations.

脑动静脉畸形（AVM）是一种与颅内出血风险相关的脑血管疾病。目前，大多数用于预测AVM破裂的风险模型都是基于人口统计学特征和病变形态构建的，而基于定量血流动力学的模型仍然较少。本研究旨在通过对AVM病变内血流动力学参数的定量分析，识别与出血风险相关的潜在生物标志物，并建立一个预测AVM破裂风险的模型。研究结果表明，定量血流动力学分析在改善脑动静脉畸形患者的个体化风险分层和临床决策方面具有很大的应用前景。

REF: Wang C, Lau TS, Han H, et al. Development and Validation of an Interpretable Hemodynamics-Based Machine Learning Model for Predicting Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformation Rupture. Transl Stroke Res. 2025;17(1):8. Published 2025 Dec 26. doi:10.1007/s12975-025-01393-7 PMID: 41449311

Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation Reduces Inflammatory Biomarkers after Large Vessel Occlusion Stroke: Results of a Prospective Randomized Open-Label Blinded Endpoint Trial

经皮耳迷走神经刺激降低大血管闭塞性卒中后的炎症生物标志物：一项前瞻性随机开放标签盲终点试验的结果

Inflammation exacerbates brain injury following acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) reduces systemic inflammation, but its efficacy in AIS remains unexplored. We examined the safety and anti-inflammatory effect of taVNS in AIS patients. No significant difference between treatment groups in safety endpoints were found. taVNS safely reduced post-AIS inflammation in anterior circulation LVO patients

急性缺血性卒中（AIS）后炎症会加重脑损伤。经皮耳迷走神经刺激（taVNS）可减轻全身性炎症，但其在AIS中的疗效尚待研究。我们研究了taVNS对AIS患者的安全性和抗炎作用。各治疗组在安全终点方面未发现显著差异。taVNS可安全地减轻前循环大血管闭塞（LVO）患者AIS后的炎症反应。

REF: Laurido-Soto OJ, Tan G, Nielsen SS, et al. Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation Reduces Inflammatory Biomarkers after Large Vessel Occlusion Stroke: Results of a Prospective Randomized Open-Label Blinded Endpoint Trial. Transl Stroke Res. 2025;17(1):7. Published 2025 Dec 22. doi:10.1007/s12975-025-01405-6 PMID: 41428140 PMCID: PMC12722435

Plasma Metabolites of Kynurenine Pathway and Risk of Stroke in the General Population: A Nested Case–control Study

普通人群中犬尿氨酸通路的血浆代谢物与中风风险：一项巢式病例对照研究

Kynurenine pathway has been linked to several cardiovascular diseases, but their specific associations with stroke risk remain elusive. This study aimed to explore the associations between kynurenine pathway metabolites and the subsequent risk of stroke. Our novel findings indicate an inverse association of plasma XA with the risk of total stroke and ischemic stroke in the general population. These findings highlight the potential of plasma XA as a valuable biomarker for assessing stroke risk and developing targeted prevention strategies.

犬尿氨酸途径与多种心血管疾病相关，但它们与中风风险的具体关联仍不明确。本研究旨在探讨犬尿氨酸途径代谢物与后续中风风险之间的关联。我们的新发现表明，在普通人群中，血浆黄尿酸（XA）水平与全因中风和缺血性中风风险呈负相关。这些发现凸显了血浆XA作为评估中风风险和制定针对性预防策略的有价值生物标志物的潜力。

REF: Mu Y, Wang X, Wang Q, et al. Plasma Metabolites of Kynurenine Pathway and Risk of Stroke in the General Population: A Nested Case-control Study. Transl Stroke Res. 2025;17(1):6. Published 2025 Dec 9. doi:10.1007/s12975-025-01395-5 PMID: 41364188

Circadian Blood Pressure Phenotyping Identifies Subtype-Specific Risk and Outcomes in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Prospective Study

昼夜血压表型分析可识别急性缺血性卒中亚型特异性风险和结局：一项前瞻性研究

Circadian organization of blood pressure (BP) is increasingly recognized as a determinant of vascular risk, but its role in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) remains undefined. We investigated whether early circadian BP phenotypes derived from high-frequency monitoring predict short- and long-term outcomes after AIS. The findings suggest that circadian BP profiling may help inform individualized hemodynamic management in acute stroke.

血压（BP）的昼夜节律调控日益被认为是血管风险的一个决定因素，但其在急性缺血性卒中（AIS）中的作用仍不明确。我们研究了通过高频监测获得的早期血压昼夜节律表型是否能预测急性缺血性卒中后的短期和长期预后。研究结果表明，血压昼夜节律分析可能有助于为急性卒中的个体化血流动力学管理提供参考。

REF: Boettger P, Sedighi J, Buerke M, Braun T, Juenemann M, Omar OA. Circadian Blood Pressure Phenotyping Identifies Subtype-Specific Risk and Outcomes in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Prospective Study. Transl Stroke Res. 2025;17(1):5. Published 2025 Dec 8. doi:10.1007/s12975-025-01400-x PMID: 41354885 PMCID: PMC12682914

Spatial and Temporal Assessment of Cerebral Blood Flow in a Novel Piglet Model of Neonatal Arterial Ischemic Stroke

新生猪仔动脉缺血性卒中新型模型中脑血流量的时空评估

Neonatal arterial ischemic stroke (NAIS) is associated with considerable pediatric morbidity and mortality but lacks effective treatment options compared to adult ischemic stroke, highlighting the need for clinically relevant translational models. This study aimed to develop a novel middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model in neonatal piglets with high clinical relevance and the opportunity for long-term survival. Overall, our model creates a reproducible infarct with consistent neuromotor deficits, real-time assessment of rCBF dynamics, and long-term survival, thus offering insights that may inform the development of novel therapies and improve outcomes for patients affected by NAIS.

新生儿动脉缺血性卒中（NAIS）与相当高的儿童发病率和死亡率相关，但与成人缺血性卒中相比，缺乏有效的治疗选择，这凸显了建立具有临床相关性的转化模型的必要性。本研究旨在开发一种具有高度临床相关性且可实现长期存活的新生仔猪大脑中动脉阻塞（MCAO）新模型。总体而言，我们的模型可造成可重复性梗死，并伴有一致的神经运动功能障碍，能够实时评估脑血流量（rCBF）动态变化，且可实现长期存活，因此该模型提供的见解可能有助于开发新疗法并改善NAIS患者的预后。

REF: Wang Q, Abdulrahim M, Young L, et al. Spatial and Temporal Assessment of Cerebral Blood Flow in a Novel Piglet Model of Neonatal Arterial Ischemic Stroke. Transl Stroke Res. 2025;17(1):4. Published 2025 Dec 6. doi:10.1007/s12975-025-01392-8 PMID: 41351802

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A and Collateral Circulation in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke due to Intracranial Large Vessel Occlusion

颅内大血管闭塞所致急性缺血性脑卒中患者的血管内皮生长因子 - A与侧支循环

Collateral circulation (CC) plays a critical role in stroke progression and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) is a key angiogenic mediator. The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between VEGF-A plasma levels and CC in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) due to large vessel occlusion (LVO) who received endovascular therapy (EVT). While this finding suggests a potential biological link between VEGF-A and collateral function, it should be interpreted as an association rather than a causal relationship.

侧支循环（CC）在卒中进展中起着关键作用，血管内皮生长因子 - A（VEGF - A）是一种关键的血管生成介质。本研究的目的是评估接受血管内治疗（EVT）的大血管闭塞（LVO）所致急性缺血性卒中（AIS）患者的VEGF - A血浆水平与侧支循环之间的关联。虽然这一发现提示VEGF - A与侧支循环功能之间可能存在生物学联系，但应将其理解为一种关联而非因果关系。

REF: Aguilera-Simón A, Guasch-Jiménez M, Moniche F, et al. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A and Collateral Circulation in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke due to Intracranial Large Vessel Occlusion. Transl Stroke Res. 2025;17(1):3. Published 2025 Dec 2. doi:10.1007/s12975-025-01399-1 PMID: 41326757

Clusters of Pediatric Brain Arteriovenous Malformations Link Spatial Distribution, Clinical Presentation, and Outcomes

儿童脑动静脉畸形聚集现象与空间分布、临床表现及预后的关联

Pediatric brain arteriovenous malformation (PbAVM) is a potentially life-threatening condition accounting for intracerebral hemorrhage and other neurological complications. Our study aimed to elucidate the relationships between PbAVM angioarchitecture, spatial distribution, and clinical presentation. We identified three clusters (small slow flow, fast flow, giant) of PbAVMs that demonstrated unique initial presentation, clinical course, outcomes and spatial distribution.

小儿脑动静脉畸形（PbAVM）是一种潜在的危及生命的疾病，可导致脑出血及其他神经系统并发症。我们的研究旨在阐明小儿脑动静脉畸形的血管构筑、空间分布与临床表现之间的关系。我们确定了小儿脑动静脉畸形的三种类型（小型缓慢血流型、快速血流型、巨大型），它们表现出独特的初始症状、临床病程、结局和空间分布特征。

REF: Benichi S, Benzakoun J, Boulouis G, et al. Clusters of Pediatric Brain Arteriovenous Malformations Link Spatial Distribution, Clinical Presentation, and Outcomes. Transl Stroke Res. 2025;17(1):2. Published 2025 Dec 2. doi:10.1007/s12975-025-01398-2 PMID: 41326938 PMCID: PMC12669305