Exploring the impact of super-resolution deep learning on MR angiography image quality

探索超分辨率深度学习对MR血管造影图像质量的影响

The aim of this study is to assess the effect of super-resolution deep learning-based reconstruction (SR-DLR), which uses k-space properties, on image quality of intracranial time-of-flight (TOF) magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) at 3 T. SR-DLR with k-space properties can offer the benefits of increased spatial resolution without the associated drawbacks of longer scan times and reduced SNR and CNR in intracranial MRA.

本研究的目的是评估利用k空间特性的超分辨率深度学习重建(SR-DLR)对3T的颅内飞行时间(TOF)磁共振血管成像(MRA)图像质量的影响。具有k空间特性的SR-DLR可以提供更高的空间分辨率，而不会带来扫描时间更长、SNR和CNR降低的相关缺点。

REF: Hokamura M, Uetani H, Nakaura T, et al. Exploring the impact of super-resolution deep learning on MR angiography image quality. Neuroradiology. 2024;66(2):217-226. doi:10.1007/s00234-023-03271-1 PMID: 38148334

Impaired glymphatic system revealed by DTI-ALPS in cerebral palsy due to periventricular leukomalacia: relation with brain lesion burden and hand dysfunction

脑室周围白质软化所致脑瘫患者的DTI-Alps检查显示的淋巴系统受损：与脑病变负荷和手功能障碍的关系

Preterm children with cerebral palsy (CP) often have varying hand dysfunction, while the specific brain injury with periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) cannot quite explain its mechanism. We aimed to investigate glymphatic activity using diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) method and evaluate its association with brain lesion burden and hand dysfunction in children with CP secondary to PVL. This study provides new insights into the neural basis of hand dysfunction in children with CP, demonstrating an important role of glymphatic impairment in such patients. These results suggest that PVL might affect hand function in children with CP by disrupting glymphatic drainage.

早产儿脑性瘫痪(CP)常有不同程度的手功能障碍，而脑室周围白质软化症(PVL)的特异性脑损伤不能很好地解释其机制。我们旨在应用血管周围空间弥散张量图像分析(DTI-ALPS)方法研究PVL继发脑性瘫痪患儿的淋巴活动，并评价其与脑病变负荷和手功能障碍的关系。这项研究为CP儿童手功能障碍的神经基础提供了新的见解，证明了淋巴功能障碍在这类患者中的重要作用。这些结果提示，PVL可能通过干扰淋巴引流而影响CP患儿的手功能。

REF: Yin Y, Peng Y, Nie L, et al. Impaired glymphatic system revealed by DTI-ALPS in cerebral palsy due to periventricular leukomalacia: relation with brain lesion burden and hand dysfunction. Neuroradiology. 2024;66(2):261-269. doi:10.1007/s00234-023-03269-9 PMID: 38129651 PMCID: PMC10807017

The cortical high-flow sign of oligodendroglioma, IDH-mutant and 1p/19q-codeleted: comparison between arterial spin labeling and dynamic susceptibility contrast methods

少突胶质细胞瘤、IDH突变和1p/19q缺失的皮质高血流征象：动脉自旋标记和动态磁化率对比方法的比较

The cortical high-flow sign with the non-enhancing area was reportedly found to be more frequent with oligodendroglioma, IDH-mutant and 1p/19q codeleted (ODG IDHm-codel) than with IDH-wildtype or astrocytoma, IDH-mutant on arterial spin labeling (ASL) in diffuse gliomas. This study aimed to compare the identification rate of the cortical high-flow sign on ASL in patients with ODG IDHm-codel to that on dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced perfusion-weighted imaging (DSC-PWI). ASL effectively identifies the cortical high-flow sign in ODG IDHm-codel, surpassing DSC in identification rates.

据报道，在弥漫性胶质瘤的动脉自旋标记（ASL）上，少突胶质细胞瘤、IDH突变体和1 p/19 q共缺失（ODG IDHm-codel）的皮质高血流征与非增强区比IDH野生型或星形细胞瘤、IDH突变体更常见。本研究旨在比较ODG IDHm-codel与动态磁敏感对比增强灌注加权成像（DSC-PWI）对ASL患者皮质高血流征的识别率。ASL有效地识别了ODG IDHm-codel中的皮质高血流征，在识别率上超过DSC。

REF: Yamashita K, Togao O, Kikuchi K, et al. The cortical high-flow sign of oligodendroglioma, IDH-mutant and 1p/19q-codeleted: comparison between arterial spin labeling and dynamic susceptibility contrast methods. Neuroradiology. 2024;66(2):187-192. doi:10.1007/s00234-023-03267-x PMID: 38127124

Neuromuscular imaging in clinical practice: an ESNR survey of 30 centers

临床应用中的神经肌肉成像：30个中心的ESNR调查

We assessed the current clinical imaging practice in the primary evaluation of neuromuscular disorders (NMD), with respect to standardized imaging, evaluation and reporting through a European and extra-European-wide survey. Based on the survey findings, we can conclude that the current approach to neuromuscular imaging varies considerably among European and extra-European countries, both in terms of image acquisition and post-processing. Some of the challenges identified include the translation of research achievements (related to advanced imaging) into practical applications in a clinical setting, implementation of quantitative imaging post-processing techniques, adoption of structured reporting methods, and communication with referring physicians.

我们通过一项欧洲和非欧洲范围的调查，从标准化成像、评估和报告方面评估了目前在神经肌肉疾病(NMD)初步评估中的临床成像实践。根据调查结果，我们可以得出结论，目前欧洲和非欧洲国家的神经肌肉成像方法在图像获取和后处理方面都有很大差异。已确定的一些挑战包括将研究成果(与先进成像有关)转化为临床环境中的实际应用，实施定量成像后处理技术，采用结构化报告方法，以及与推荐医生的沟通。

REF: Gerevini S, Cristiano L, D'Anna G, et al. Neuromuscular imaging in clinical practice: an ESNR survey of 30 centers. Neuroradiology. 2024;66(2):179-186. doi:10.1007/s00234-023-03255-1 PMID: 38110540

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy in MELAS syndrome: correlation with CSF and plasma metabolite levels and change after glutamine supplementation

MELAS综合征的磁共振波谱与脑脊液和血浆代谢物水平的相关性及补充谷氨酰胺后的变化

MELAS syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by mitochondrial DNA mutations. We previously described that MELAS patients had increased CSF glutamate and decreased CSF glutamine levels and that oral glutamine supplementation restores these values. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) allows the in vivo evaluation of brain metabolism. We aimed to compare 1H-MRS of MELAS patients with controls, the 1H-MRS after glutamine supplementation in the MELAS group, and investigate the association between 1H-MRS and CSF lactate, glutamate, and glutamine levels. No significant metabolite changes were observed in the brains of MELAS patients after glutamine supplementation. While we found a positive correlation between lactate levels in CSF and 1H-MRS in MELAS patients, we could not monitor treatment response over short periods with this tool.

梅拉斯综合征是一种由线粒体DNA突变引起的遗传性疾病。我们以前描述过MELAS患者脑脊液谷氨酸水平升高，脑脊液谷氨酰胺水平降低，口服谷氨酰胺可以恢复这些值。质子磁共振波谱(1H-MRS)可以在体内评估大脑的代谢。我们的目的是比较MELAS患者和对照组的1H-MRS，以及MELAS组补充谷氨酰胺后的1H-MRS，并探讨1H-MRS与脑脊液乳酸、谷氨酸和谷氨酰胺水平的关系。补充谷氨酰胺后，MELAS患者脑内代谢产物无明显变化。虽然我们发现MELAS患者的脑脊液乳酸水平与1H-MRS呈正相关，但我们不能使用该工具监测短期内的治疗反应。

REF: Guerrero-Molina MP, Bernabeu-Sanz Á, Ramos-González A, et al. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy in MELAS syndrome: correlation with CSF and plasma metabolite levels and change after glutamine supplementation. Neuroradiology. Published online December 19, 2023. doi:10.1007/s00234-023-03263-1 PMID: 38114794

Automatic estimation of brain parenchymal fraction in patients with multple sclerosis: a comparison between synthetic MRI and an established automated brain segmentation software based on FSL

多发性硬化症患者脑实质分数的自动估计：合成MRI与基于FSL的自动脑分割软件的比较

We aimed to validate the estimation of the brain parenchymal fraction (BPF) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) using synthetic magnetic resonance imaging (SyMRI) by comparison with software tools of the FMRIB Software Library (FSL). In addition to a cross-sectional method comparison, longitudinal volume changes were assessed to further elucidate the suitability of SyMRI for quantification of disease-specific changes. In summary, BPF based on data from SyMRI and FSL-SIENAX is not directly transferable because an overestimation and higher variability of SyMRI values were observed. However, the consistency and correlations between the two methods were satisfactory, and SyMRI was suitable to quantify disease-specific atrophy in MS.

我们的目的是通过与FMRIB软件库(FSL)的软件工具进行比较，验证合成磁共振成像(SyMRI)对多发性硬化(MS)患者脑实质分数(BPF)的估计。除了横断面方法比较外，还评估了纵向体积变化，以进一步阐明SyMRI在量化疾病特异性变化方面的适用性。总之，基于SyMRI和FSL-SIENAX数据的BPF不能直接转移，因为观察到SyMRI值的高估和更高的变异性。然而，两种方法之间的一致性和相关性令人满意，SyMRI适合于对MS的疾病特异性萎缩进行量化。

REF: Yazici I, Krieger B, Bellenberg B, et al. Automatic estimation of brain parenchymal fraction in patients with multple sclerosis: a comparison between synthetic MRI and an established automated brain segmentation software based on FSL. Neuroradiology. 2024;66(2):193-205. doi:10.1007/s00234-023-03264-0 PMID: 38110539 PMCID: PMC10805841

Radiological features of thyroid-like low-grade nasopharyngeal papillary adenocarcinoma: case series and systematic review

甲状腺样低级别鼻咽乳头状腺癌的放射学特征：病例系列和系统回顾

This study is to comprehensively summarize the clinical data and CT/MRI characteristics of thyroid-like low-grade nasopharyngeal papillary adenocarcinoma (TL-LGNPPA). We summarized the clinical and radiological features of TL-LGNPPA to facilitate accurate diagnosis and appropriate management.

本研究旨在全面总结甲状腺样低级别鼻咽乳头状腺癌(TL-LGNPPA)的临床资料和CT/MRI特征。我们总结了TL-LGNPPA的临床和放射学特征，以便于准确的诊断和适当的处理。

REF: Baba A, Matsushima S, Kessoku H, et al. Radiological features of thyroid-like low-grade nasopharyngeal papillary adenocarcinoma: case series and systematic review. Neuroradiology. 2024;66(2):249-259. doi:10.1007/s00234-023-03254-2 PMID: 38103083

MRI of cerebral oedema in ischaemic stroke and its current use in routine clinical practice

缺血性脑卒中脑水肿的MRI诊断及其临床应用现状

Currently, with the knowledge of the role of collateral circulation in the development of cerebral ischaemia, traditional therapeutic windows are being prolonged, with time not being the only criterion. Instead, a more personalised approach is applied to select additional patients who might benefit from active treatment. This review briefly describes the current knowledge of the pathophysiology of the development of early ischaemic changes, the capabilities of MRI to depict such changes, and the basics of the routinely used imaging techniques broadly available for the assessment of individual phases of cerebral ischaemia, and summarises the possible clinical use of routine MR imaging, including patient selection for active treatment and assessment of the outcome on the basis of imaging.

目前，随着对侧支循环在脑缺血发生发展中作用的认识，传统的治疗窗口正在延长，时间不是唯一的标准。取而代之的是，采用更个性化的方法来选择更多可能受益于积极治疗的患者。本文简要介绍了早期脑缺血改变发生的病理生理学知识，MRI描述这种改变的能力，以及广泛用于评估脑缺血各个阶段的常规成像技术的基础，并总结了常规MR成像的可能临床应用，包括患者选择积极治疗和基于成像的结果评估。

REF: Čivrný J, Tomáš D, Černá M. MRI of cerebral oedema in ischaemic stroke and its current use in routine clinical practice. Neuroradiology. Published online December 16, 2023. doi:10.1007/s00234-023-03262-2 PMID: 38102491

Imaging of supratentorial intraventricular masses in children: a pictorial review—part 2

儿童幕上脑室肿块的影像：图片回顾--第二部分

This article is the second in a two-part series aimed at exploring the spectrum of supratentorial intraventricular masses in children. In particular, this part delves into masses originating from cells of the ventricular lining, those within the septum pellucidum, and brain parenchyma cells extending into the ventricles. The aim of this series is to offer a comprehensive understanding of these supratentorial intraventricular masses, encompassing their primary clinical findings and histological definitions. The WHO CNS5 introduces notable changes, emphasizing the vital importance of molecular diagnostics in classifying pediatric central nervous system tumors. These foundational shifts have significant potential to impact management strategies and, as a result, the outcomes of intraventricular masses in children.

本文是旨在探索儿童幕上脑室内肿块频谱的两部分系列文章的第二部分。特别是，这一部分深入研究起源于脑室衬里细胞、透明隔内的细胞以及延伸到脑室的脑实质细胞的肿块。本系列的目的是提供对这些幕上脑室内肿块的全面了解，包括它们的主要临床表现和组织学定义。世界卫生组织CNS5介绍了显著的变化，强调了分子诊断学在对儿童中枢神经系统肿瘤进行分类时的极端重要性。这些根本性的转变对管理策略以及儿童脑室内肿块的结局有重大影响。

REF: Goncalves FG, Mahecha-Carvajal ME, Desa A, et al. Imaging of supratentorial intraventricular masses in children: a pictorial review-part 2. Neuroradiology. Published online December 12, 2023. doi:10.1007/s00234-023-03253-3 PMID: 38085360