Are hemodynamics responsible for inflammatory changes in venous vessel walls? A quantitative study of wall-enhancing intracranial arteriovenous malformation draining veins

血流动力学是静脉血管壁炎症变化的原因吗？颅内动静脉畸形引流静脉壁增强的定量研究

Researchers investigated the relationship between vessel wall enhancement and hemodynamics along arteriovenous malformation (AVM) draining veins. Extracted enhanced wall regions were mapped onto the venous surface. Using image-based blood flow simulations applying patient-specific boundary conditions, researchers investigated hemodynamics in the enhanced vasculature. The results showed overlaps of enhancement with local lower shear stresses resulting from decreased velocities. Furthermore, nonenhancing draining veins showed on average slightly higher flow velocities and average wall shear stress values. This novel multimodal investigation of hemodynamics in AVM draining veins allows for precise prediction of occurring shear- and flow-related phenomena in enhanced vessel walls.

研究人员研究了沿动静脉畸形 (AVM) 引流静脉的血管壁增强与血流动力学之间的关系。将提取的增强壁区域映射到静脉表面。研究人员使用基于图像的血流模拟应用患者特定的边界条件，研究了增强的脉管系统中的血液动力学。结果表明，由于速度降低，增强与局部较低的剪切应力重叠。此外，未增强的引流静脉平均显示出稍高的流速和平均壁切应力值。这种新颖的AVM引流静脉血流动力学多模态研究可以精确预测增强血管壁中发生的剪切和流动相关现象。

REF: Stahl J, McGuire LS, Rizko M, Saalfeld S, Berg P, Alaraj A. Are hemodynamics responsible for inflammatory changes in venous vessel walls? A quantitative study of wall-enhancing intracranial arteriovenous malformation draining veins. J Neurosurg. Published online March 29, 2024. doi:10.3171/2024.1.JNS232625 PMID: 38552234

Association of frequent NF2 mutations with spinal location predominance and worse outcomes in psammomatous meningiomas

频繁的NF2突变与脊柱位置优势和沙门性脑膜瘤预后较差的关联

Researchers aimed to clarify the clinical characteristics, molecular alterations, and long-term outcomes of intracranial and spinal psammomatous meningiomas (PMs). Female and spinal location predominance was statistically significant in PMs. NF2 was the predominant mutation in PMs: 100% in spinal PMs and 38.46% in cranial PMs. PMs with NF2 mutations have worse outcomes. Such knowledge could improve the understanding and management of PMs.

研究人员旨在阐明颅内和脊柱沙眼状脑膜瘤 (PMs) 的临床特征，分子改变和长期预后。女性和脊柱位置优势在PMs中具有统计学意义。NF2是PMs的主要突变: 脊柱PMs 100%，颅PMs 38.46%。具有NF2突变的PMs具有更差的结果。这些知识可以提高对PMs的理解和管理。

REF: Ren L, Xie Q, Deng J, et al. Association of frequent NF2 mutations with spinal location predominance and worse outcomes in psammomatous meningiomas. J Neurosurg. Published online March 29, 2024. doi:10.3171/2024.1.JNS232450 PMID: 38552238

Benefits of stereotactic radiosurgical anterior capsulotomy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a meta-analysis

立体定向放射外科前囊切开术治疗强迫症的meta分析

Researchers performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the outcomes of anterior capsulotomy performed via stereotactic radiosurgery for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Sixty percent of patients who underwent this procedure were classified as responders at the follow-up, a response rate similar to those reported for other techniques in performing this procedure. Stereotactic radiosurgery is an effective minimally invasive technique for performing anterior capsulotomy in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

研究人员进行了一项荟萃分析，以评估通过立体定向放射外科手术进行的前囊切开术治疗强迫症的结果。接受此程序的患者中有60% 在随访时被归类为响应者，其响应率与其他技术在执行此程序时报告的响应率相似。立体定向放射外科手术是一种有效的微创技术，可对强迫症患者进行前囊切开术。

REF: Gupta R, Chen JW, Hughes NC, et al. Benefits of stereotactic radiosurgical anterior capsulotomy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a meta-analysis. J Neurosurg. Published online March 29, 2024. doi:10.3171/2024.1.JNS231537 PMID: 38552242

Deep learning–based quantification of total bleeding volume and its association with complications, disability, and death in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage

基于深度学习的动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者总出血量量化及其与并发症、残疾和死亡的关系

Researchers used a novel deep learning algorithm to quantify total bleeding volume on noncontrast CT scans and investigated its association with complications, disability, and death after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Total bleeding volume was found to be an independent risk factor, associated with increased risks of hydrocephalus, rebleeding, death, and unfavorable outcome. The full clinical significance of admission bleeding volume and whether this reflects the potential benefit by eliminating bleeding has yet to be determined.

研究人员使用一种新颖的深度学习算法来量化非对比ct扫描的总出血量，并研究其与动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血后并发症，残疾和死亡的关系。发现总出血量是独立的危险因素，与脑积水，再出血，死亡和不良预后的风险增加有关。尚未确定入院出血量的全部临床意义以及这是否反映了消除出血的潜在益处。

REF: Hu P, Wu Y, Yan T, et al. Deep learning-based quantification of total bleeding volume and its association with complications, disability, and death in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Neurosurg. Published online March 29, 2024. doi:10.3171/2024.1.JNS232280 PMID: 38552240

Epidemiology of moderate traumatic brain injury and factors associated with poor neurological outcome

中度创伤性脑损伤的流行病学及神经功能预后不良的相关因素

The authors investigated the epidemiology and prognostic factors of moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI). Many patients with moderate head trauma were found to have a poor prognosis. Tranexamic acid administration and intensive care unit management contributed to improved prognosis. Few reports have focused on moderate TBI, and reports on prognosis and prognostic factors will inform future TBI practice.

作者调查了中度创伤性脑损伤 (TBI) 的流行病学和预后因素。发现许多中度头部创伤的患者预后不良。氨甲环酸给药和重症监护病房管理有助于改善预后。很少有报道关注中度TBI，有关预后和预后因素的报道将为未来的TBI实践提供信息。

REF: Utsumi S, Ohki S, Shime N. Epidemiology of moderate traumatic brain injury and factors associated with poor neurological outcome. J Neurosurg. Published online March 29, 2024. doi:10.3171/2024.1.JNS232627 PMID: 38552232

Molecularly targeted protease-activated probes for visualization of glioblastoma: a comparison with 5-ALA

用于胶质母细胞瘤可视化的分子靶向蛋白酶激活探针: 与5-ALA的比较

This study evaluated the efficacy of several near-infrared protease-activated probes for intraoperative visualization of glioblastoma (GBM) and compared the most promising candidate with the gold standard, 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA). The cysteine cathepsin-cleavable probe 6QC-ICG was activated in experimental GBMs and human GBM tissue ex vivo and provided higher contrast between tumor and healthy tissue than 5-ALA. These findings indicate the potential of 6QC-ICG to become a targeted agent for fluorescence-guided surgery in GBM.

这项研究评估了几种近红外蛋白酶激活的探针对胶质母细胞瘤 (GBM) 术中可视化的功效，并将最有希望的候选物与金标准5-氨基乙酰丙酸 (5-ALA) 进行了比较。半胱氨酸组织蛋白酶可切割探针6QC-ICG在实验GBM和人GBM组织离体中被激活，并且在肿瘤和健康组织之间提供比5-ALA更高的对比度。这些发现表明6QC-ICG有可能成为GBM中荧光引导手术的靶向剂。

REF: Konečná D, Výmola P, Ternerová N, et al. Molecularly targeted protease-activated probes for visualization of glioblastoma: a comparison with 5-ALA. J Neurosurg. Published online March 29, 2024. doi:10.3171/2024.1.JNS231137 PMID: 38552239

Periprocedural intravenous heparin in patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with endovascular thrombectomy after intravenous thrombolysis

静脉溶栓后血管内取栓术治疗急性缺血性卒中患者围手术期静脉注射肝素

Researchers aimed to evaluate the potential effects of periprocedural heparin on clinical outcomes of endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) after intravenous thrombolysis (IVT). Periprocedural heparin was associated with an increased risk of unfavorable outcomes and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage in patients treated with EVT after IVT. Periprocedural heparin might not provide a beneficial effect for patients treated with EVT after IVT.

研究人员旨在评估围手术期肝素对静脉溶栓 (IVT) 后血管内血栓切除术 (EVT) 临床结局的潜在影响。在IVT后接受EVT治疗的患者中，围手术期肝素与不良结局和症状性颅内出血的风险增加相关。围手术期肝素可能不会对IVT后接受EVT治疗的患者产生有益作用。

REF: Wang H, Yuan K, Huang X, et al. Periprocedural intravenous heparin in patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with endovascular thrombectomy after intravenous thrombolysis. J Neurosurg. Published online March 29, 2024. doi:10.3171/2024.1.JNS232584 PMID: 38552231

Comprehensive characterization of intracranial hemorrhage in deep brain stimulation: a systematic review of literature from 1987 to 2023

脑深部电刺激颅内出血的综合特征: 1987年至2023年文献的系统回顾

Researchers assessed the occurrence and risk factors of brain hemorrhage during deep brain stimulation surgery. Brain hemorrhage occurred in 29 of every 1000 patients and in 16 of every 1000 wires implanted, and the risk factors for this included blood pressure greater than 140 mm Hg, implantation of wires in between the brain folds, multiple wire insertions, and recording electrical activity. Avoiding these risk factors may decrease the occurrence of brain hemorrhage during deep brain stimulation surgery.

研究人员评估了脑深部电刺激手术期间脑出血的发生和危险因素。每1000例患者中有29例发生脑出血，每1000例植入电线中有16例发生脑出血，其危险因素包括血压大于140毫米Hg，在脑褶皱之间植入电线，多条电线插入和记录电活动。避免这些危险因素可能会减少脑深部电刺激手术中脑出血的发生。

REF: Cheyuo C, Vetkas A, Sarica C, Kalia SK, Hodaie M, Lozano AM. Comprehensive characterization of intracranial hemorrhage in deep brain stimulation: a systematic review of literature from 1987 to 2023. J Neurosurg. Published online March 22, 2024. doi:10.3171/2024.1.JNS232385 PMID: 38518284

A comprehensive review on the development of sporadic cerebral arteriovenous malformations: from Padget to next-generation sequencing

散发性脑动静脉畸形发展的全面回顾: 从Padget到下一代测序

The authors present the progression of our understanding of the pathogenesis of cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) from the initial embryologic and anatomic descriptions to historical and present-day developmental theories and finally to the genetic mutations found in AVM specimens through modern genomic sequencing. This comprehensive understanding provides a means to create relevant animal models and develop targeted therapeutics for the treatment of cerebral AVMs.

作者介绍了我们对脑动静脉畸形 (AVM) 发病机理的理解的进展，从最初的胚胎学和解剖学描述到历史和当今的发育理论，最后到通过现代基因组测序在AVM标本中发现的基因突变。这种全面的理解提供了创建相关动物模型和开发用于治疗脑avm的靶向疗法的手段。

REF: Coffman SA, Peterson K, Contillo N, Fargen KM, Wolfe SQ. A comprehensive review on the development of sporadic cerebral arteriovenous malformations: from Padget to next-generation sequencing. J Neurosurg. Published online March 22, 2024. doi:10.3171/2023.12.JNS232233 PMID: 38518283