Genetic Etiologies of Epilepsies With Status Epilepticus: Insights From the Italian Pediatric Status Epilepticus Group Cohort

伴癫痫持续状态的癫痫的遗传病因：来自意大利儿科癫痫持续状态研究组队列的见解

Genetic factors are major contributors to pediatric epilepsy, but their role in status epilepticus (SE) remains incompletely defined. We aimed to characterize the clinical and genetic landscape of pediatric epilepsy complicated by SE in a large cohort, and to identify clinical features associated with genetic etiologies. In this large real-world cohort, two-thirds of children with epilepsy and SE had a genetic etiology, most commonly channelopathies. Younger age at SE and epilepsy with both focal and generalized seizure were linked to genetic causes. Despite limitations in testing strategies and retrospective design, these findings highlight the importance of systematic genetic investigation in pediatric epilepsies presenting SE.

遗传因素是小儿癫痫的主要致病因素，但它们在癫痫持续状态（SE）中的作用仍未完全明确。我们旨在描绘一个大型队列中并发SE的小儿癫痫的临床和遗传特征，并确定与遗传病因相关的临床特征。在这个大型真实世界队列中，三分之二患有癫痫和SE的儿童存在遗传病因，最常见的是离子通道病。SE发病年龄较小以及同时有局灶性和全身性发作的癫痫与遗传病因相关。尽管检测策略和回顾性研究设计存在局限性，但这些发现凸显了对出现SE的小儿癫痫进行系统遗传学调查的重要性。

REF: Marini C, Rosati A, Fusco L, et al. Genetic Etiologies of Epilepsies With Status Epilepticus: Insights From the Italian Pediatric Status Epilepticus Group Cohort. Neurology. 2026;106(8):e214791. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000214791 PMID: 41915870

Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo: The Case for Renaming It Peripheral Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo

良性阵发性位置性眩晕：将其更名为外周性阵发性位置性眩晕的理由

This paper focuses on the justification for changing the terminology of the most frequent peripheral vestibular disorder, called benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). Below, we argue that continued use of "benign" is a misnomer because many patients are adversely affected by BPPV. In addition, the term squanders its critical, distinguishing cause by omitting "peripheral." Instead, we support changing the nomenclature from BPPV to peripheral paroxysmal positional vertigo ([PPPV], or [3 PV]).

本文聚焦于更改最常见的周围性前庭疾病术语的合理性，该疾病被称为良性阵发性位置性眩晕（BPPV）。下文我们将论证，继续使用“良性”一词是用词不当，因为许多患者会受到BPPV的不利影响。此外，该术语因省略“周围性”而未能突出其关键的、有区别性的病因。相反，我们支持将名称从BPPV改为周围性阵发性位置性眩晕（[PPPV]，或[3 PV]）。

REF: Strupp M, Bhandari A, Brandt T, et al. Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo: The Case for Renaming It Peripheral Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo. Neurology. 2026;106(8):e214861. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000214861 PMID: 41915869

Functional Outcome Following Blood Pressure Drops Within 24 Hours After Successful Mechanical Thrombectomy

机械取栓成功后24小时内血压下降后的功能结局

The optimal target blood pressure (BP) during and after mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for acute ischemic stroke remains uncertain. While BP drops during MT are associated with worse outcomes, evidence on postprocedural BP instability is limited. We aimed to assess the impact of BP drops within the first 24 hours after MT on functional outcome. BP drops within 24 hours after successful MT are associated with worse functional outcome. Targeted measures to prevent or mitigate BP drops should be explored in future studies.

急性缺血性卒中机械取栓术（MT）期间及术后的最佳目标血压（BP）仍不确定。虽然MT期间血压下降与更差的预后相关，但关于术后血压不稳定的证据有限。我们旨在评估MT后24小时内血压下降对功能预后的影响。成功MT后24小时内血压下降与更差的功能预后相关。未来研究应探索预防或减轻血压下降的针对性措施。

REF: Riegler C, Nelde A, Bergström WH, et al. Functional Outcome Following Blood Pressure Drops Within 24 Hours After Successful Mechanical Thrombectomy. Neurology. 2026;106(8):e214831. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000214831 PMID: 41886712

Hypnotic Cognitive Therapy for Chronic Pain in Spinal Cord Injury: A Randomized Controlled Trial

脊髓损伤慢性疼痛的催眠认知疗法：一项随机对照试验

Chronic pain is highly prevalent, disabling, and difficult to treat in people with spinal cord injury (SCI). Our objective was to determine whether hypnotic cognitive therapy (HYP-CT) significantly reduces average pain intensity. The study suggests that HYP-CT is an effective adjunctive treatment for SCI-related pain. Replication studies are needed.

慢性疼痛在脊髓损伤（SCI）患者中极为常见，会导致功能障碍且难以治疗。我们的目标是确定催眠认知疗法（HYP - CT）是否能显著降低平均疼痛强度。该研究表明，HYP - CT是治疗SCI相关疼痛的一种有效辅助疗法。还需要开展重复验证研究。

REF: Bombardier CH, Mendoza ME, Thomas PA, Barber JK, Jensen MP. Hypnotic Cognitive Therapy for Chronic Pain in Spinal Cord Injury: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Neurology. 2026;106(8):e214836. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000214836 PMID: 41886709

Eptinezumab With Patient Education for Chronic Migraine and Medication-Overuse Headache: The Randomized, Placebo-Controlled RESOLUTION Trial

依替奈珠单抗联合患者教育治疗慢性偏头痛和药物过量使用性头痛：随机、安慰剂对照的RESOLUTION试验

Medication-overuse headache (MOH) commonly co-occurs with and complicates chronic migraine (CM). This trial evaluated efficacy and safety of eptinezumab, an anti-calcitonin gene-related peptide monoclonal antibody for migraine prevention-combined with a standardized brief educational intervention (BEI)-in adults with CM and MOH. We report results from the 12-week placebo-controlled period, of which weeks 1-4 was the primary time point. In adults with CM and MOH who also received patient education, eptinezumab was statistically superior to placebo on the primary and all key secondary end points, reducing disease burden as early as weeks 1-4 and throughout weeks 1-12. Eptinezumab was generally well tolerated, with no new safety signals identified. Together, data from this trial indicate that eptinezumab in combination with patient education is an effective treatment for reducing disease burden in patients living with CM complicated by medication overuse.

药物过量使用性头痛（MOH）常与慢性偏头痛（CM）并发，并使病情复杂化。本试验评估了依替奈珠单抗（一种用于偏头痛预防的抗降钙素基因相关肽单克隆抗体）联合标准化简短教育干预（BEI）对患有CM和MOH的成年人的疗效和安全性。我们报告了为期12周的安慰剂对照期的结果，其中第1 - 4周是主要时间点。在接受患者教育的CM和MOH成年患者中，依替奈珠单抗在主要终点和所有关键次要终点上均显著优于安慰剂，早在第1 - 4周以及整个第1 - 12周都能减轻疾病负担。依替奈珠单抗总体耐受性良好，未发现新的安全信号。总之，本试验数据表明，依替奈珠单抗联合患者教育是减轻因药物过量使用而复杂化的CM患者疾病负担的有效治疗方法。

REF: Jensen RH, Lundqvist C, Schytz HW, et al. Eptinezumab With Patient Education for Chronic Migraine and Medication-Overuse Headache: The Randomized, Placebo-Controlled RESOLUTION Trial. Neurology. 2026;106(8):e214863. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000214863 PMID: 41886713 PMCID: PMC13035099

Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Prevalence and Hormonal Contraception: A Meta-Analysis

特发性颅内高压的患病率与激素避孕：一项荟萃分析

Women's health advice in people living with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is inconsistent, primarily due to an enduring concern that hormonal contraception (HC), including oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) and hormonal intrauterine devices (IUDs), might be associated with a higher prevalence of IIH. This systematic review and meta-analysis examines whether a meaningful association exists between HC use and IIH prevalence. The meta-analysis found no significant association between HC use and IIH prevalence, with consistent results across various HC modalities. This evidence provides confidence to reassure patients with IIH and clinicians that the directed use of HC should be continued as appropriate. The limited quality of available evidence and considerable heterogeneity highlights the necessity for large-scale, well-designed studies, particularly in diverse patient populations, to validate these findings.

对于特发性颅内高压（IIH）患者中的女性健康建议并不统一，这主要是因为长期以来人们担心包括口服避孕药（OCPs）和激素宫内节育器（IUDs）在内的激素避孕方法（HC）可能与IIH的较高患病率相关。这项系统评价和荟萃分析旨在探讨HC的使用与IIH患病率之间是否存在有意义的关联。荟萃分析发现，HC的使用与IIH患病率之间没有显著关联，且在各种HC方式中结果一致。这一证据让IIH患者和临床医生有信心相信，应根据情况继续合理使用HC。现有证据质量有限且存在显著异质性，这凸显了开展大规模、设计良好的研究（尤其是针对不同患者群体）以验证这些研究结果的必要性。

REF: Mihalache A, Huang RS, Tyndel FJ, Ing E, Mollan SP, Sundaram ANE. Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Prevalence and Hormonal Contraception: A Meta-Analysis. Neurology. 2026;106(8):e214832. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000214832 PMID: 41881051

Impact of Basal Ganglia Perivascular Spaces on Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Risks in Patients Taking Antithrombotic Therapies

基底神经节血管周围间隙对接受抗栓治疗患者缺血性和出血性风险的影响

Enlarged perivascular spaces (ePVSs) are considered to increase the risk of stroke. However, data regarding the benefits and risks of antithrombotic therapy in patients with ePVSs are currently limited. This study assessed the association between ePVSs and the risks of hemorrhagic or ischemic events in patients taking antithrombotic agents. Higher BGPVS burdens are associated with higher risks of ischemic stroke and major bleeding in patients receiving antithrombotic therapy. BGPVSs may serve as useful imaging biomarkers for vascular risk assessment and personalized therapy.

扩大的血管周围间隙（ePVSs）被认为会增加中风风险。然而，目前关于ePVSs患者接受抗栓治疗的获益和风险的数据有限。本研究评估了服用抗栓药物的患者中ePVSs与出血或缺血事件风险之间的关联。基底节区扩大的血管周围间隙（BGPVSs）负荷越高，接受抗栓治疗的患者发生缺血性中风和严重出血的风险就越高。BGPVSs可能作为有用的影像学生物标志物，用于血管风险评估和个体化治疗。

REF: Iwamoto S, Miwa K, Koga M, et al. Impact of Basal Ganglia Perivascular Spaces on Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Risks in Patients Taking Antithrombotic Therapies. Neurology. 2026;106(7):e214745. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000214745 PMID: 41861278 PMCID: PMC13035101

Systolic Blood Pressure Trajectory and Outcomes in Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Pooled Analysis of the 4 INTERACT and ATACH-II Clinical Trials

急性脑出血患者收缩压轨迹与预后：4项国际脑出血积极降压试验（INTERACT）和急性脑出血降压治疗II期试验（ATACH-II）的汇总分析

While moderate and rapid systolic blood pressure (SBP) lowering was associated with better functional outcomes after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), large reductions in SBP within 1 hour, for example, reductions from >200 to <140 mm Hg, diminished or even reversed these beneficial effects. We aimed to define the optimal trajectory of SBP control in relation to favorable functional outcomes after acute ICH. Distinct SBP trajectories over 24 hours defined prognosis after ICH, with a severe hypertensive group having the highest odds of death or disability, regardless of the BP-lowering strategy used. These findings highlight the importance of well-controlled but tailored SBP management strategies after ICH.

虽然脑出血（ICH）后适度且快速降低收缩压（SBP）与更好的功能结局相关，但在1小时内大幅降低收缩压，例如从超过200毫米汞柱降至低于140毫米汞柱，会减弱甚至逆转这些有益效果。我们旨在确定急性脑出血后与良好功能结局相关的最佳收缩压控制轨迹。脑出血后24小时内不同的收缩压轨迹决定了预后，无论采用何种降压策略，重度高血压组死亡或残疾的几率最高。这些发现凸显了脑出血后进行良好控制且个体化的收缩压管理策略的重要性。

REF: Wang X, Phan TG, Ren X, et al. Systolic Blood Pressure Trajectory and Outcomes in Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Pooled Analysis of the 4 INTERACT and ATACH-II Clinical Trials. Neurology. 2026;106(7):e214671. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000214671 PMID: 41855454 PMCID: PMC13035102

Association of an Aquaporin-4 Haplotype With Cognition, Brain Volume, and Dementia Risk in Community-Dwelling Individuals Without Dementia

水通道蛋白 - 4 单倍型与社区非痴呆个体的认知、脑容量和痴呆风险的关联

The aquaporin-4 (AQP4) water channel plays an integral role in clearing brain waste. However, little is known about whether variations in the AQP4 gene contributes to brain health or dementia risk. We aimed to determine whether a functional AQP4 haplotype was associated with cognition, brain volumes, or incident dementia. Carrying at least 1 minor allele at an AQP4 haplotype (homozygote minors or heterozygotes) was linked to better verbal episodic memory, larger hippocampal volumes, lower amounts of free water, and lower dementia risk. Further studies are required to replicate these results among diverse samples.

水通道蛋白 - 4（AQP4）水通道在清除大脑废物方面起着不可或缺的作用。然而，关于AQP4基因变异是否会影响大脑健康或增加痴呆风险，人们知之甚少。我们旨在确定功能性AQP4单倍型是否与认知、脑容量或新发痴呆相关。携带至少一个AQP4单倍型的次要等位基因（纯合子次要等位基因或杂合子）与更好的言语情景记忆、更大的海马体体积、更低的自由水含量以及更低的痴呆风险相关。需要进一步的研究在不同样本中重复验证这些结果。

REF: Palatsides EL, Himali D, Cribb L, et al. Association of an Aquaporin-4 Haplotype With Cognition, Brain Volume, and Dementia Risk in Community-Dwelling Individuals Without Dementia. Neurology. 2026;106(7):e214773. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000214773 PMID: 41855452