Effectiveness and Safety of Body-Temperature Irrigation Fluid in Percutaneous Transforaminal Endoscopic Discectomy: A Prospective Study

体温冲洗液在经皮椎间孔镜椎间盘切除术中的有效性和安全性：一项前瞻性研究

Investigation into the effect of body-temperature irrigation fluid during percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy (PTED) on patients. In PTED, the use of body-temperature irrigation fluid not only provides the same safety profile as room-temperature irrigation fluid but also achieves better clinical outcomes.

经皮椎间孔镜下椎间盘切除术（PTED）中体温灌洗液对患者的影响研究。在PTED中，使用体温灌洗液不仅能达到与室温灌洗液相同的安全性，还能取得更好的临床效果。

REF: Zhu H, Zheng L, Wang S, Zhang JQ, Chen Y. Effectiveness and Safety of Body-Temperature Irrigation Fluid in Percutaneous Transforaminal Endoscopic Discectomy: A Prospective Study. World Neurosurg. 2025;200:124206. doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2025.124206 PMID: 40578431

Novel Vascularized Pedicle Flaps for Dural Reconstruction via Endoscopic Transorbital Approach: Temporalis Muscle and Pericranial Flaps

经内镜经眶入路进行硬脑膜重建的新型带血管蒂皮瓣：颞肌瓣和颅顶骨膜瓣

The endoscopic transorbital approach (ETOA) has emerged as a valuable minimally invasive technique in skull base surgery, providing direct access to the anterior and middle cranial fossae. However, effective reconstruction of dural defects remains a significant technical challenge. This study evaluates the feasibility and anatomical characteristics of temporalis muscle flaps (TFs) and pericranial flaps (PFs) for dural reconstruction following ETOA, using cadaveric models. Both TFs and PFs are feasible options for dural reconstruction following ETOA, providing robust vascularization and adaptability to defect size and location. Further clinical studies are warranted to validate their application in live surgical settings.

内镜经眶入路（ETOA）已成为颅底手术中一种有价值的微创技术，可直接进入前颅窝和中颅窝。然而，硬脑膜缺损的有效修复仍然是一项重大的技术挑战。本研究使用尸体模型评估了颞肌瓣（TFs）和颅顶骨膜瓣（PFs）在ETOA后用于硬脑膜修复的可行性和解剖学特征。TFs和PFs都是ETOA后硬脑膜修复的可行选择，能提供良好的血运，且可根据缺损的大小和位置进行调整。有必要开展进一步的临床研究，以验证它们在实际手术中的应用效果。

REF: Yasuda ME, Slim MA, Alammar Y, Sommer DD, de Notaris M, Reddy K. Novel Vascularized Pedicle Flaps for Dural Reconstruction via Endoscopic Transorbital Approach: Temporalis Muscle and Pericranial Flaps. World Neurosurg. 2025;200:124217. doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2025.124217 PMID: 40581294

Bispectral Index Monitoring in Endoscopic Lumbar Spine Surgery: Retrospective Analysis of Central Nervous System Complications

内镜下腰椎手术中的双频谱指数监测：中枢神经系统并发症的回顾性分析

Unilateral biportal endoscopic (UBE) spinal surgery involves two separate portals for viewing and working. If the outflow of irrigation fluid between portals is blocked, it can result in increased cerebrospinal fluid pressure, potentially leading to elevated intracranial pressure and related neurological complications. This sudden increase in intracranial pressure may cause transient cerebral hypoperfusion, manifesting as an isoelectric pattern on bispectral index (BIS) monitoring. This study aimed to investigate the use of BIS monitoring as an early indicator of increased intracranial pressure. BIS monitoring is a noninvasive technique that can indicate cerebral hypoperfusion due to sudden increases in intracranial pressure. Thus, BIS monitoring should be considered a valuable tool in the management of patients undergoing UBE spine surgery, aiding in the early detection and appropriate treatment of central nervous system complications.

单侧双孔道内镜（UBE）脊柱手术需要两个独立的通道用于观察和操作。如果通道之间的冲洗液流出受阻，可能会导致脑脊液压力升高，进而可能引发颅内压升高及相关神经并发症。这种颅内压的突然升高可能会导致短暂性脑灌注不足，在脑电双频指数（BIS）监测上表现为等电位模式。本研究旨在探讨将BIS监测作为颅内压升高早期指标的应用。BIS监测是一种无创技术，能够提示因颅内压突然升高导致的脑灌注不足。因此，BIS监测应被视为UBE脊柱手术患者管理中的一种有价值的工具，有助于早期发现中枢神经系统并发症并进行适当治疗。

REF: Merter A, Özyıldıran M, Kurt F, Özçelik M. Bispectral Index Monitoring in Endoscopic Lumbar Spine Surgery: Retrospective Analysis of Central Nervous System Complications. World Neurosurg. 2025;200:124230. doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2025.124230 PMID: 40588185

Determining the Reference Values of the Measurements of Cervical Sagittal Alignment Using the Extrapolated Norms Method

采用外推规范法确定颈椎矢状面排列测量的参考值

To investigate the feasibility of the extrapolated norms (e-norms) method for establishing a reference range for the measurements of cervical sagittal alignment and to explore the differences in these ranges according to sex and age. This study demonstrated that e-norms may be a simple, reliable and cost-saving approach for establishing reference values for cervical sagittal measurements. This new method allows us to establish reference values for sex or age subgroups to study the sex differences and trends with age of cervical sagittal alignment.

探讨外推标准（e - 标准）方法用于建立颈椎矢状位排列测量参考范围的可行性，并探究这些范围在性别和年龄方面的差异。本研究表明，e - 标准可能是一种简单、可靠且节省成本的方法，可用于建立颈椎矢状位测量的参考值。这种新方法使我们能够为不同性别或年龄亚组建立参考值，以研究颈椎矢状位排列的性别差异和随年龄变化的趋势。

REF: Gu S, Chen K, Zhu D, et al. Determining the Reference Values of the Measurements of Cervical Sagittal Alignment Using the Extrapolated Norms Method. World Neurosurg. 2025;200:124227. doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2025.124227 PMID: 40582497

Patient-Reported Outcomes in Recurrent Lumbar Disc Herniation Surgery: Clinical Results and a Decision-Making Algorithm for Endoscopic Technique Selection

复发性腰椎间盘突出症手术的患者报告结局：临床结果及内镜技术选择决策算法

To compare clinical outcomes and patient-reported measures between primary and revision full-endoscopic lumbar discectomy (FELD) in patients with lumbar disc herniation and to propose a decision-making algorithm for selecting the endoscopic surgical approach in revision cases. FELD is a safe and effective technique for recurrent lumbar disc herniation, yielding clinical outcomes comparable to primary discectomy. Slightly lower satisfaction in revision cases suggests the importance of managing expectations. An algorithmic approach to endoscopic technique selection may optimize outcomes in revision settings.

比较腰椎间盘突出症患者初次和翻修全内镜下腰椎间盘切除术（FELD）的临床结局和患者报告指标，并为翻修病例选择内镜手术入路提出决策算法。FELD 是治疗复发性腰椎间盘突出症的一种安全有效的技术，其临床结局与初次椎间盘切除术相当。翻修病例的满意度略低，这表明管理患者预期的重要性。采用算法式方法选择内镜技术可能会优化翻修手术的结局。

REF: Castel X, d'Astorg H, Vieira TD, Szadkowski M. Patient-Reported Outcomes in Recurrent Lumbar Disc Herniation Surgery: Clinical Results and a Decision-Making Algorithm for Endoscopic Technique Selection. World Neurosurg. 2025;200:124207. doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2025.124207 PMID: 40578430

Experiences and Challenges of International Neurosurgical Residents in Germany

德国国际神经外科住院医师的经历与挑战

The number of international neurosurgical residents in Germany has significantly increased in recent years. This study investigates residents' satisfaction with the training program, factors contributing to dissatisfaction-including surgical exposure and psychological well-being-experiences of disparities, and future subspecialty preferences. This study highlights training challenges in neurosurgery training. Key areas for improvement include increasing surgical exposure, expanding research opportunities, and improving reporting mechanisms for race-based disparities.

近年来，在德国的国际神经外科住院医师数量显著增加。本研究调查了住院医师对培训项目的满意度、导致不满意的因素（包括手术实践机会和心理健康状况）、遭遇差异的经历以及未来亚专科偏好。本研究凸显了神经外科培训中存在的挑战。需要改进的关键领域包括增加手术实践机会、拓展研究机会以及完善基于种族差异的报告机制。

REF: Omer M, Bissolo M, El Rahal A, et al. Experiences and Challenges of International Neurosurgical Residents in Germany. World Neurosurg. 2025;200:124233. doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2025.124233 PMID: 40602493

Augmented Reality in Spinal Neurosurgery: A Bibliometric Analysis of Trends and Clinical Applications

脊柱神经外科中的增强现实技术：趋势与临床应用的文献计量学分析

Augmented reality (AR) is an emerging technology in spine surgery with the potential to enhance intraoperative visualization and precision by overlaying virtual images on anatomical structures. This bibliometric review analyzes trends in research and publication growth related to AR in spinal neurosurgery between 2013 and 2024. The increasing number of studies reflects AR's growing adoption in both specialized and broad spine surgery applications. Although AR has demonstrated its potential to improve surgical precision and education, further research is needed to assess long-term clinical outcomes and overcome barriers to widespread implementation.

增强现实（AR）是脊柱外科领域的一项新兴技术，通过将虚拟图像叠加在解剖结构上，有望增强术中可视化效果和手术精度。这篇文献计量学综述分析了2013年至2024年间脊柱神经外科领域与AR相关的研究趋势和论文发表数量的增长情况。研究数量的增加反映出AR在专科脊柱手术和广泛脊柱手术应用中的日益普及。尽管AR已显示出提高手术精度和用于教学的潜力，但仍需进一步研究来评估其长期临床效果，并克服广泛应用的障碍。

REF: El Choueiri J, Pellicanò F, Di Cosmo L, et al. Augmented Reality in Spinal Neurosurgery: A Bibliometric Analysis of Trends and Clinical Applications. World Neurosurg. 2025;200:124204. doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2025.124204 PMID: 40582498

Cerebral Cavernous Malformation: The Impact of Associated Developmental Venous Anomaly on Surgical Treatment Outcome

脑海绵状血管畸形：相关发育性静脉异常对手术治疗结果的影响

The goal of this study was to analyze retrospectively the course of patients with cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) and associated developmental venous anomaly (DVA) concerning neurological outcome and formation of CCM recurrence or de-novo formation after surgical removal of the lesion. DVA does not represent an additional risk for neurological deterioration in the surgical resection of CCM. Postoperative CCM recurrence is negligible.

本研究的目的是回顾性分析脑海绵状血管畸形（CCM）合并发育性静脉异常（DVA）患者的病程，涉及神经功能结局以及病变手术切除后CCM复发或新发情况。在CCM手术切除中，DVA并非导致神经功能恶化的额外危险因素。术后CCM复发情况可忽略不计。

REF: Karadachi HH, Santos AN, Rauschenbach L, et al. Cerebral Cavernous Malformation: The Impact of Associated Developmental Venous Anomaly on Surgical Treatment Outcome. World Neurosurg. 2025;200:124219. doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2025.124219 PMID: 40582502

Impact of Spinal Canal Anatomy on Pain Outcomes in Spinal Cord Stimulation Therapy for Chronic Pain

椎管解剖结构对慢性疼痛脊髓刺激疗法疼痛转归的影响

To investigate whether thoracic spinal canal and cord anatomy, as visualized on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), predicts pain outcomes following spinal cord stimulation (SCS) for chronic pain. Preoperative thoracic spinal anatomy, as measured on supine MRI, was not predictive of SCS therapy success. While smaller canal dimensions may increase lead migration risk, they do not appear to affect long-term pain outcomes. These findings support a shift toward dynamic, patient-specific, and computational models for improving SCS efficacy and patient selection.

探讨术前磁共振成像（MRI）显示的胸椎管和脊髓解剖结构是否能预测脊髓刺激（SCS）治疗慢性疼痛的疼痛结局。仰卧位MRI测量的术前胸椎解剖结构不能预测SCS治疗的成功与否。虽然较小的椎管尺寸可能会增加电极移位的风险，但它们似乎并不影响长期疼痛结局。这些发现支持转向动态、个体化和计算模型，以提高SCS的疗效和患者筛选水平。

REF: Dunetz GS, Barak EF, Vargas L, Don J, Riley J, Berger A. Impact of Spinal Canal Anatomy on Pain Outcomes in Spinal Cord Stimulation Therapy for Chronic Pain. World Neurosurg. 2025;200:124237. doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2025.124237 PMID: 40602488