Factors Influencing Hormone Remission in Growth Hormone-Secreting Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors With Residual Tumor: A Retrospective Cohort Study

有残留肿瘤的生长激素分泌型垂体神经内分泌肿瘤激素缓解的影响因素：一项回顾性队列研究

Growth hormone-secreting pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (GH-secreting PitNETs) pose significant health risks due to hormone-related complications. Despite transsphenoidal surgical resection being the primary treatment, complete removal is often infeasible due to invasive growth patterns, leading to postoperative tumor residuals and uncertain hormone remission outcomes. Preoperative GH levels, tumor resection rates, and ITH scores independently predict hormone remission in GH-secreting PitNETs with residuals. This will provide intraoperative decision-making guidance on how to achieve the maximum possible hormone remission with residual tumors when complete tumor resection is not feasible.

分泌生长激素的垂体神经内分泌肿瘤（GH 分泌型垂体神经内分泌肿瘤）由于激素相关并发症而带来显著的健康风险。尽管经蝶窦手术切除是主要治疗方法，但由于侵袭性生长方式，完全切除往往不可行，从而导致术后肿瘤残留以及激素缓解情况不明。术前 GH 水平、肿瘤切除率和肿瘤内异质性（ITH）评分可独立预测有残留的 GH 分泌型垂体神经内分泌肿瘤的激素缓解情况。当无法完全切除肿瘤时，这将为如何在有残留肿瘤的情况下尽可能实现最大程度的激素缓解提供术中决策指导。

REF: Wang Y, Ma L, Zhang C, et al. Factors Influencing Hormone Remission in Growth Hormone-Secreting Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors With Residual Tumor: A Retrospective Cohort Study. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2025;31(8):e70574. doi:10.1111/cns.70574 PMID: 40852938

Levodopa and Plant-Derived Bioactive Compounds in Parkinson's Disease: Mechanisms, Efficacy, and Future Perspectives

帕金森病中的左旋多巴和植物源性生物活性化合物：作用机制、疗效及未来展望

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, resulting in dopamine deficiency and motor dysfunction. While levodopa (L-DOPA) remains the gold standard for symptomatic treatment, its long-term administration is associated with complications such as motor fluctuations, dyskinesia, and oxidative stress. Given these limitations, interest has grown in plant-derived bioactive compounds for their potential neuroprotective and disease-modifying effects. Although levodopa is indispensable for the symptomatic management of PD, emerging evidence supports the integration of plant-derived bioactive compounds as adjunct therapies with disease-modifying potential. Future research should prioritize improving bioavailability, developing standardized formulations, and conducting long-term clinical trials to evaluate the translational applicability of these natural agents in Parkinson's disease therapy.

帕金森病（PD）是一种进行性神经退行性疾病，其特征是黑质中多巴胺能神经元退化，导致多巴胺缺乏和运动功能障碍。虽然左旋多巴（L - DOPA）仍然是对症治疗的金标准，但其长期使用会引发如运动波动、运动障碍和氧化应激等并发症。鉴于这些局限性，人们对植物源生物活性化合物的潜在神经保护和疾病修饰作用的兴趣日益浓厚。尽管左旋多巴对帕金森病的症状管理不可或缺，但越来越多的证据支持将植物源生物活性化合物作为具有疾病修饰潜力的辅助疗法。未来的研究应优先提高其生物利用度、开发标准化制剂，并开展长期临床试验，以评估这些天然药物在帕金森病治疗中的转化应用价值。

REF: Aktaş E, Hanağası HA, Özgentürk NÖ. Levodopa and Plant-Derived Bioactive Compounds in Parkinson's Disease: Mechanisms, Efficacy, and Future Perspectives. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2025;31(8):e70540. doi:10.1111/cns.70540 PMID: 40808332

Functional Disconnections of the Pre-Supplementary Motor Area in Patients With Post-Stroke Aphasia and Their Associations With Neurotransmitters

卒中后失语症患者辅助运动前区的功能连接中断及其与神经递质的关联

The pre-supplementary motor area (preSMA) is a critical region within domain-general networks involved in speech production. However, the impact of post-stroke aphasia (PSA) on functional reorganization in this area remains unclear. Our results suggest that functional connections of the preSMA are disrupted in PSA patients, which may be associated with neurotransmitter activity.

辅助运动前区（preSMA）是参与言语产生的跨领域通用网络中的关键区域。然而，卒中后失语症（PSA）对该区域功能重组的影响仍不清楚。我们的研究结果表明，PSA患者的辅助运动前区功能连接受到破坏，这可能与神经递质活动有关。

REF: Wang D, Wang X, Xu X, et al. Functional Disconnections of the Pre-Supplementary Motor Area in Patients With Post-Stroke Aphasia and Their Associations With Neurotransmitters. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2025;31(8):e70528. doi:10.1111/cns.70528 PMID: 40739830

APOE4 Exacerbates Cerebral Tau Pathology Through Cholesterol-Induced Degradation of Phosphatase in Atherosclerosis

载脂蛋白E4通过胆固醇诱导的动脉粥样硬化中磷酸酶降解加剧脑tau蛋白病理改变

Apolipoprotein epsilon4 allele (APOE4) is a common risk factor for atherosclerosis (AS) and neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD), but whether and how APOE4 induces AD-like neuropathies in the brain of AS pathology remains poorly characterized. Altogether, these results suggested a role of the APOE4 in linking AS with Tau neuropathology, which might increase the risk of related neurodegenerative diseases for AS patients.

载脂蛋白ε4等位基因（APOE4）是动脉粥样硬化（AS）和阿尔茨海默病（AD）等神经退行性疾病的常见危险因素，但在AS病理状态下，APOE4是否以及如何诱发大脑出现类似AD的神经病变仍不清楚。总之，这些结果提示APOE4在将AS与 Tau 蛋白神经病变联系起来方面发挥了一定作用，这可能会增加AS患者患相关神经退行性疾病的风险。

REF: Ding J, Sun B, Gao Y, et al. APOE4 Exacerbates Cerebral Tau Pathology Through Cholesterol-Induced Degradation of Phosphatase in Atherosclerosis. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2025;31(8):e70536. doi:10.1111/cns.70536 PMID: 40739848

Neural Plasticity Induced by Working Memory Training: Insights From Cortical Microstructure and Transcriptional Profiles

工作记忆训练诱导的神经可塑性：来自皮质微观结构和转录谱的见解

To investigate the effects of an 8-week standardized computerized working memory training (WMT) program on cortical microstructure, morphometric similarity network (MSN) changes, and associated genetic factors in healthy adults. The findings highlight the subtle influences of WMT on brain structure and underlying biological processes, providing insights into its role in neural plasticity and suggesting potential genetic contributions to these structural changes.

研究一项为期8周的标准化计算机化工作记忆训练（WMT）计划对健康成年人皮质微结构、形态计量相似性网络（MSN）变化及相关遗传因素的影响。这些发现凸显了工作记忆训练对大脑结构和潜在生物过程的微妙影响，为其在神经可塑性中的作用提供了见解，并提示这些结构变化可能存在遗传因素的贡献。

REF: Zhang T, Gao Y, Li Y, et al. Neural Plasticity Induced by Working Memory Training: Insights From Cortical Microstructure and Transcriptional Profiles. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2025;31(8):e70479. doi:10.1111/cns.70479 PMID: 40739835

Diagnosis and Subtyping of Autoimmune Encephalitis Using an Attention-Based Multi-Instance Learning Model: A Multi-Center 18F-FDG PET Study

基于注意力机制的多实例学习模型用于自身免疫性脑炎的诊断和亚型分类：一项多中心 18F - FDG PET 研究

The aim was to develop an attention-based model using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET imaging to differentiate autoimmune encephalitis (AE) patients from controls and to discriminate among different AE subtypes. The m-MIL model effectively discriminates AE patients from controls and enables subtyping of different AE subtypes, offering a valuable diagnostic tool for the clinical assessment and classification of AE.

目的是利用 18F-氟脱氧葡萄糖（18F-FDG）正电子发射断层显像（PET）开发一种基于注意力机制的模型，以区分自身免疫性脑炎（AE）患者和对照人群，并鉴别不同的 AE 亚型。m-MIL 模型能有效区分 AE 患者和对照人群，还可对不同的 AE 亚型进行分型，为 AE 的临床评估和分类提供了一种有价值的诊断工具。

REF: Sun Y, Sun R, Lv J, et al. Diagnosis and Subtyping of Autoimmune Encephalitis Using an Attention-Based Multi-Instance Learning Model: A Multi-Center 18F-FDG PET Study. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2025;31(8):e70513. doi:10.1111/cns.70513 PMID: 40755278

The Relationship Between Different Components and Levels of Physical Exercise, Depressive Symptoms, Inhibitory Control, and Possible Cognitive Neural Mechanisms in College Students

大学生体育锻炼不同成分与水平、抑郁症状、抑制控制能力的关系及可能的认知神经机制

Based on event-related potential (ERP) evidence, this study aims to identify specific indicators of inhibitory control in college students with depressive symptoms, explore the relationship between different components and levels of physical exercise and the specific indicators of depressive symptoms and inhibitory control, and clarify potential targets for exercise interventions and possible mechanisms for alleviating depressive symptoms in college students. College students with depressive symptoms exhibit impaired inhibitory control, with decreased behavioral performance in response inhibition and interference inhibition tasks and reduced cognitive neural processing abilities. These can serve as key indicators for the early identification of depressive symptoms in college students. For depressive symptoms, it is recommended that exercise intensity be moderate or higher, with a duration of at least 30 min and a frequency of 1-2 times/week and 3-5 times/week, with the optimal frequency being 3-5 times/week. For interference inhibition, it is recommended that exercise intensity be moderate or higher, with the greatest benefits observed from high-intensity non-sustained exercise for cognitive neural processing and a duration of at least 30 min. When designing exercise programs, it is important to consider the combination of different components of exercise and to tailor personalized, precise interventions based on individual differences in depressive symptoms and target areas.

本研究基于事件相关电位（ERP）证据，旨在确定有抑郁症状大学生抑制控制的特定指标，探究不同运动成分和运动水平与抑郁症状及抑制控制特定指标之间的关系，明确运动干预的潜在靶点以及缓解大学生抑郁症状的可能机制。有抑郁症状的大学生存在抑制控制受损，在反应抑制和干扰抑制任务中的行为表现下降，认知神经加工能力降低。这些可作为早期识别大学生抑郁症状的关键指标。对于抑郁症状，建议运动强度为中等及以上，持续时间至少30分钟，频率为每周1 - 2次和每周3 - 5次，其中每周3 - 5次为最佳频率。对于干扰抑制，建议运动强度为中等及以上，高强度非持续性运动对认知神经加工的益处最大，持续时间至少30分钟。在设计运动方案时，重要的是要考虑运动不同成分的组合，并根据抑郁症状和目标区域的个体差异制定个性化、精准的干预措施。

REF: Li S, Jia S, Yun S, Guo Z, Wang X, Zhang Q. The Relationship Between Different Components and Levels of Physical Exercise, Depressive Symptoms, Inhibitory Control, and Possible Cognitive Neural Mechanisms in College Students. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2025;31(8):e70520. doi:10.1111/cns.70520 PMID: 40745688

Osteocalcin Ameliorates CUMS-Induced Depressive-Like Behaviors by Reducing Mitochondrial Damage in Hippocampal Neurons

骨钙素通过减轻海马神经元线粒体损伤改善慢性不可预测温和应激诱导的抑郁样行为

Depression is a common psychological disorder characterized by limited treatments. Osteocalcin (OCN), a bioactive protein that originates from bone tissue, has been implicated in emotional regulation and the reduction of oxidative stress in peripheral tissues. However, the precise mechanisms by which OCN functions within the central nervous system are still not fully understood. Our results indicate that OCN mitigated oxidative stress damage and enhanced mitochondrial function through the AMPK/PGC-1α pathway, demonstrating antidepressant properties.

抑郁症是一种常见的心理障碍，治疗手段有限。骨钙素（OCN）是一种源自骨组织的生物活性蛋白，与情绪调节和减轻外周组织氧化应激有关。然而，OCN在中枢神经系统中发挥作用的确切机制仍未完全明确。我们的研究结果表明，OCN可通过AMPK/PGC - 1α通路减轻氧化应激损伤并增强线粒体功能，表现出抗抑郁特性。

REF: Chen H, Mao J, Wang M, et al. Osteocalcin Ameliorates CUMS-Induced Depressive-Like Behaviors by Reducing Mitochondrial Damage in Hippocampal Neurons. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2025;31(8):e70530. doi:10.1111/cns.70530 PMID: 40746130

Oseltamivir Phosphate Modulates CD24-Siglec-G/10 Interaction to Suppress Microglial-Driven Neuroinflammation After Cardiac Arrest

磷酸奥司他韦调节CD24-Siglec-G/10相互作用以抑制心脏骤停后小胶质细胞驱动的神经炎症

In cardiac arrest (CA) patients undergoing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), neuroinflammation following return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) contributes to brain ischemia/reperfusion injury and neurological dysfunction. Recent evidence suggested that neuraminidase could exacerbate inflammatory responses by disrupting CD24-Siglec-G/10 immune checkpoint axis. As a neuraminidase inhibitor, oseltamivir phosphate (OP) holds potential for immunomodulation beyond its antiviral use. We aimed to investigate the impact and mechanism of OP on neuroinflammation regulation after ROSC. OP as a repurposed immunomodulator that suppresses microglial-driven neuroinflammation after CA by preserving sialylation-dependent CD24-Siglec-G/10 interaction.

在接受心肺复苏（CPR）的心脏骤停（CA）患者中，自主循环恢复（ROSC）后的神经炎症会导致脑缺血/再灌注损伤和神经功能障碍。近期证据表明，神经氨酸酶可通过破坏CD24 - Siglec - G/10免疫检查点轴来加剧炎症反应。磷酸奥司他韦（OP）作为一种神经氨酸酶抑制剂，除抗病毒用途外，还具有免疫调节潜力。我们旨在研究OP对ROSC后神经炎症调节的影响及机制。OP是一种重新开发用途的免疫调节剂，可通过维持依赖唾液酸化的CD24 - Siglec - G/10相互作用，抑制CA后小胶质细胞驱动的神经炎症。

REF: Chen Y, Liu Y, Li N, et al. Oseltamivir Phosphate Modulates CD24-Siglec-G/10 Interaction to Suppress Microglial-Driven Neuroinflammation After Cardiac Arrest. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2025;31(8):e70495. doi:10.1111/cns.70495 PMID: 40836885