IRE1α/TRAF2/NF-κB pathway promotes apoptosis via regulating inflammatory cytokines and aggravates brain injury after SAH

IRE1α/TRAF2/NF - κB信号通路通过调节炎性细胞因子促进细胞凋亡，并加重蛛网膜下腔出血后的脑损伤

To investigate the effect of IRE1α/TRAF2/NF-κB pathway on early brain injury. The IRE1α/TRAF2/NF-κB signal pathway was activated and promoted apoptosis by promoting the expression of inflammatory cytokines after SAH.

研究IRE1α/TRAF2/NF - κB通路对早期脑损伤的影响。蛛网膜下腔出血（SAH）后，IRE1α/TRAF2/NF - κB信号通路被激活，通过促进炎症细胞因子的表达来促进细胞凋亡。

REF: Liu B, Zhu C, Dai L, et al. IRE1α/TRAF2/NF-κB pathway promotes apoptosis via regulating inflammatory cytokines and aggravates brain injury after SAH. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2025;34(6):108288. doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2025.108288 PMID: 40089218

Moyamoya disease: Understanding patient experiences through thematic analysis of Instagram, TikTok, and Twitter posts

烟雾病：通过对Instagram、TikTok和Twitter帖子的主题分析了解患者经历

Physicians aim to provide optimal care, considering patient experiences and satisfaction. Traditional in-clinic surveys assessing surgical experiences face numerous limitations, including response bias, and inadequate inclusion of diverse demographics. Social media is an emerging platform for patients to share their healthcare experiences, providing an alternative method for gathering patient feedback. This study explores the prevalent themes of moyamoya disease experiences shared on social media. This study demonstrates social media's use among moyamoya patients, and can supplement traditional methods of obtaining patient feedback. Despite limitations, leveraging social media can enhance understanding patient needs, ultimately improving care quality for Moyamoya disease patients.

医生的目标是提供最优的医疗服务，同时考虑患者的体验和满意度。传统的门诊手术体验调查存在诸多局限性，包括回应偏差以及未能充分涵盖不同的人口统计学群体。社交媒体正成为患者分享医疗体验的新兴平台，为收集患者反馈提供了一种替代方法。本研究探讨了社交媒体上分享的烟雾病经历的常见主题。本研究展示了烟雾病患者对社交媒体的使用情况，并且可以补充获取患者反馈的传统方法。尽管存在局限性，但利用社交媒体可以增进对患者需求的了解，最终提高烟雾病患者的护理质量。

REF: Hou NY, Gajjar AA, Hou E, et al. Moyamoya disease: Understanding patient experiences through thematic analysis of Instagram, TikTok, and Twitter posts. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2025;34(6):108293. doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2025.108293 PMID: 40096923

Trends in stroke mortality in Latin America and the Caribbean from 1997 to 2020 and predictions to 2035: An analysis of gender, and geographical disparities

1997年至2020年拉丁美洲和加勒比地区卒中死亡率趋势及2035年预测：性别和地域差异分析

Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability globally, with significant public health implications. In Latin America, while mortality rates have declined, the number of stroke cases has increased due to prevalent risk factors like high blood pressure and obesity. Unlike Europe, recent trends in stroke mortality in this region remain underreported. This study evaluates stroke mortality rates in Latin America Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries from 1997 to 2020 and predictions to 2035. Our final findings show a reduction in stroke mortality trends in LAC countries between 1997 and 2020, due to creating public awareness about vascular risk factors by authorities and the implementation of effective health policies. By 2035, an overall increase in mortality is expected, mainly due to population change in each country.

中风是全球范围内导致死亡和残疾的主要原因，具有重大的公共卫生影响。在拉丁美洲，尽管死亡率有所下降，但由于高血压和肥胖等常见风险因素，中风病例数量有所增加。与欧洲不同，该地区近期中风死亡率的趋势仍未得到充分报道。本研究评估了1997年至2020年拉丁美洲及加勒比（LAC）国家的中风死亡率，并对2035年进行了预测。我们的最终研究结果显示，1997年至2020年间，LAC国家的中风死亡率呈下降趋势，这得益于有关部门对血管风险因素进行的公众宣传以及有效卫生政策的实施。预计到2035年，死亡率总体将上升，主要原因是各国的人口结构变化。

REF: Torres-Roman JS, Quispe-Vicuña C, Benavente-Casas A, et al. Trends in stroke mortality in Latin America and the Caribbean from 1997 to 2020 and predictions to 2035: An analysis of gender, and geographical disparities. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2025;34(6):108286. doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2025.108286 PMID: 40089216

Risk of bias assessment of post-stroke mortality machine learning predictive models: Systematic review

卒中后死亡率机器学习预测模型的偏倚风险评估：系统评价

Stroke is a major cause of mortality and permanent disability worldwide. Precise prediction of post-stroke mortality is essential for guiding treatment decisions and rehabilitation planning. The ability of Machine learning models to process large amounts of data, offer a promising alternative for improving mortality prediction in stroke patients. In this review, we aim to evaluate the risk of bias in different machine learning models used for predicting post-stroke mortality. Machine learning models demonstrated great potential in predicting post-stroke mortality. However, implementation of these models in clinical practice is limited by high risk of bias. Future studies should focus on reducing this bias and enhancing the applicability of these models to improve the reliability of stroke mortality predictions.

中风是全球范围内导致死亡和永久性残疾的主要原因。准确预测中风后的死亡率对于指导治疗决策和康复规划至关重要。机器学习模型处理大量数据的能力为改善中风患者的死亡率预测提供了一个有前景的替代方案。在这篇综述中，我们旨在评估用于预测中风后死亡率的不同机器学习模型的偏倚风险。机器学习模型在预测中风后死亡率方面显示出巨大潜力。然而，这些模型在临床实践中的应用受到高偏倚风险的限制。未来的研究应专注于降低这种偏倚，并提高这些模型的适用性，以改善中风死亡率预测的可靠性。

REF: Radley NM, Soh I, Saad AM, et al. Risk of bias assessment of post-stroke mortality machine learning predictive models: Systematic review. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2025;34(6):108291. doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2025.108291 PMID: 40089217

Assessing changes on large cerebral arteries in CADASIL: Preliminary insights from a case-control analysis

CADASIL 患者大脑大动脉变化的评估：一项病例对照分析的初步见解

Parent large brain arteries are intimately related to their offspring's small arteries. Whether the CADASIL phenotype is confined to small vessels is unclear, and the involvement of large arteries in CADASIL has not been systematically studied. Traditionally considered a small-vessel disease, patients with CADASIL have larger BA diameters and possibly higher cervical ICA tortuosity than controls. Whether these changes are part of the NOTCH-3 mutation phenotype or influence the clinical course is uncertain but should be further investigated.

母体大脑大动脉与子代小动脉密切相关。CADASIL（伴有皮质下梗死和白质脑病的常染色体显性遗传性脑动脉病）表型是否局限于小血管尚不清楚，且CADASIL中大动脉受累情况尚未得到系统研究。传统上CADASIL被认为是一种小血管疾病，但CADASIL患者的基底动脉直径比对照组更大，颈内动脉迂曲程度可能也更高。这些改变是NOTCH - 3基因突变表型的一部分，还是会影响临床病程，目前尚不确定，但应进一步研究。

REF: Lopez-Navarro ER, Mayer SV, Barreto BR, et al. Assessing changes on large cerebral arteries in CADASIL: Preliminary insights from a case-control analysis. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2025;34(6):108294. doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2025.108294 PMID: 40096922 PMCID: PMC12085198

The frequency of carotid web in cryptogenic stroke and its association with stroke risk factors

隐源性卒中患者颈动脉嵴的发生频率及其与卒中危险因素的相关性

The carotid web (CaW) is considered a rare source of cerebral embolism. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of CaW, clinical data of CaW cases, risk factors, morphological features of CaW and its relationship with cerebrovascular disease and to contribute to the classification of CaW and the most appropriate treatment approaches in the future. This study showed that some morphological features of CaW increase the risk of stroke. These findings suggest that the evaluation and classification of the morphological features of CaW and the development of risk scoring systems based on these features may be effective in estimating the risk of stroke and planning treatment.

颈动脉嵴（CaW）被认为是一种罕见的脑栓塞病因。本研究的目的是确定CaW的患病率、CaW病例的临床资料、危险因素、CaW的形态学特征及其与脑血管疾病的关系，并为未来CaW的分类和最恰当的治疗方法提供参考。本研究表明，CaW的某些形态学特征会增加中风风险。这些发现提示，对CaW的形态学特征进行评估和分类，以及基于这些特征开发风险评分系统，可能有助于评估中风风险和制定治疗方案。

REF: Yirmibeş EÖB, Şengeze N, Gürel B. The frequency of carotid web in cryptogenic stroke and its association with stroke risk factors. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2025;34(6):108295. doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2025.108295 PMID: 40096924

Comparing the effectiveness and safety of direct oral anticoagulants and warfarin in patients with cerebral venous thrombosis: A real-world study

直接口服抗凝剂与华法林治疗脑静脉血栓形成患者的有效性和安全性比较：一项真实世界研究

Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT), a rare stroke variant, poses treatment challenges, especially in young individuals. While guidelines recommend heparin followed by warfarin, warfarin has limitations. Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) offer a potential alternative, but evidence on their use in CVT management is limited. The TriNetX study aimed to provide real-world insights into DOAC efficacy and safety for CVT. This study underscores the potential of DOACs as a promising treatment for CVT, demonstrating reduced recurrence and intracerebral hemorrhage risks with comparable all-cause mortality.

脑静脉血栓形成（CVT）是一种罕见的中风类型，给治疗带来了挑战，尤其是在年轻人中。虽然指南建议先使用肝素，随后使用华法林，但华法林存在局限性。直接口服抗凝剂（DOACs）提供了一种潜在的替代方案，但关于其在CVT管理中应用的证据有限。TriNetX研究旨在为DOACs治疗CVT的疗效和安全性提供真实世界的见解。这项研究强调了DOACs作为CVT有前景的治疗方法的潜力，表明其可降低复发和脑出血风险，且全因死亡率相当。

REF: Wu JY, Lai CC, Lin HJ, Lu KH, Hsu WH, Chu TY. Comparing the effectiveness and safety of direct oral anticoagulants and warfarin in patients with cerebral venous thrombosis: A real-world study. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2025;34(6):108290. doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2025.108290 PMID: 40090604

Multiomics analysis demonstrated a strong correlation between lipid-mediated chronic kidney disease and stroke: Potential benefits of affected patient cohorts

多组学分析表明，脂质介导的慢性肾病与中风之间存在密切关联：对受影响患者群体的潜在益处

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) exhibit a disproportionately elevated risk of stroke, frequently compounded by renal impairment. Therapeutic strategies for stroke based on Traditional Chinese Medicine's 'kidney-brain axis' theory demonstrate clinical efficacy, indicating that there may be a potential association between chronic kidney disease and stroke, which needs further exploration and verification. This study provides new insights into the interactive relationship between CKD and stroke and provides a scientific basis for the process of syndrome differentiation and the treatment of stroke under the guidance of the "kidney-brain correlation". Moreover, the influence of mediating factors related to lipid metabolism on the occurrence of these two diseases was investigated, which deepened researchers' understanding of the potential association mechanism between the two diseases.

慢性肾脏病（CKD）患者发生中风的风险显著升高，且常因肾功能损害而更为复杂。基于中医“肾脑轴”理论的中风治疗策略显示出临床疗效，这表明慢性肾脏病与中风之间可能存在潜在关联，有待进一步探索和验证。本研究为慢性肾脏病与中风之间的相互关系提供了新的见解，并为“肾脑相关”理论指导下的中风辨证论治过程提供了科学依据。此外，研究还探讨了与脂质代谢相关的中介因素对这两种疾病发生的影响，加深了研究人员对这两种疾病潜在关联机制的理解。

REF: Liu YS, Zhang JH, Han JY, et al. Multiomics analysis demonstrated a strong correlation between lipid-mediated chronic kidney disease and stroke: Potential benefits of affected patient cohorts. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2025;34(6):108285. doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2025.108285 PMID: 40081514

Morphologic variation of the circle of Willis is associated with cognitive impairment in a general population: The J-SHIPP study

威尔利斯环的形态变异与普通人群的认知障碍相关：日本高血压与卒中预防（J - SHIPP）研究

An incomplete circle of Willis (CoW) is associated with ischemic stroke severity and patient prognosis. However, the clinical significance of an incomplete CoW in healthy adults remains unclear. We examined the association between incomplete CoW and cognitive decline in community-dwelling, apparently healthy, older adults. The absence of 2 or more vessels was independently associated with cognitive impairment in a general population, which suggests that CoW variation is a risk factor for cognitive decline.

Willis环（CoW）不完整与缺血性中风的严重程度和患者预后相关。然而，健康成年人中CoW不完整的临床意义仍不清楚。我们研究了社区居住的、看似健康的老年人中CoW不完整与认知能力下降之间的关联。在普通人群中，两条或更多血管缺失与认知障碍独立相关，这表明CoW变异是认知能力下降的一个危险因素。

REF: Okada Y, Tabara Y, Kohara K, et al. Morphologic variation of the circle of Willis is associated with cognitive impairment in a general population: The J-SHIPP study. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2025;34(6):108287. doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2025.108287 PMID: 40101887