Linking Symptom Inventories Using Semantic Textual Similarity

使用语义文本相似度关联症状量表

An extensive library of symptom inventories has been developed over time to measure clinical symptoms of traumatic brain injury (TBI), but this variety has led to several long-standing issues. Most notably, results drawn from different settings and studies are not comparable. This creates a fundamental problem in TBI diagnostics and outcome prediction, namely that it is not possible to equate results drawn from distinct tools and symptom inventories. Here, we present an approach using semantic textual similarity (STS) to link symptoms and scores across previously incongruous symptom inventories by ranking item text similarities according to their conceptual likeness. This work suggests that incorporating contextual, semantic information can assist expert decision-making processes, yielding broad gains for the harmonization of TBI assessment.

长期以来，人们已经开发出了大量的症状量表库，用于评估创伤性脑损伤（TBI）的临床症状，但这种多样性也带来了一些长期存在的问题。最值得注意的是，从不同环境和研究中得出的结果并不具有可比性。这在创伤性脑损伤的诊断和预后预测中造成了一个根本性问题，即无法将来自不同工具和症状量表的结果等同起来。在此，我们提出一种利用语义文本相似度（STS）的方法，通过根据概念相似性对条目文本的相似度进行排序，来关联以往不一致的症状量表中的症状和分数。这项研究表明，纳入上下文语义信息有助于辅助专家的决策过程，为创伤性脑损伤评估的标准化带来广泛益处。

REF: Kennedy E, Vadlamani S, Lindsey HM, et al. Linking Symptom Inventories Using Semantic Textual Similarity. J Neurotrauma. 2025;42(11-12):1008-1020. doi:10.1089/neu.2024.0301 PMID: 40200899 PMCID: PMC12169902

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Incidence and Prevalence of Concussion in Denmark from 1999 to 2018: A Nationwide Cohort Study

1999年至2018年丹麦脑震荡的发病率与患病率：一项全国性队列研究

Concussion is a common diagnosis in emergency rooms, yet contemporary incidence and prevalence estimates are sparse and rely on self-reported data. A nationwide cohort study was conducted to provide up-to-date information, covering the entire Danish population from 1999 to 2018. In conclusion, these findings indicate that concussions are an important public health concern, necessitating ongoing surveillance, research, and targeted resource allocation to address concussion management and prevention effectively.

脑震荡是急诊室常见的诊断，但当前关于其发病率和患病率的估算数据稀少，且依赖于自我报告的数据。为提供最新信息，研究人员开展了一项全国性队列研究，涵盖了 1999 年至 2018 年的全体丹麦人口。总之，这些研究结果表明，脑震荡是一个重要的公共卫生问题，需要持续监测、开展相关研究并进行有针对性的资源分配，以有效解决脑震荡的管理和预防问题。

REF: Eggertsen PP, Cordsen P, Lauritsen J, Johnsen SP, Nielsen JF. Incidence and Prevalence of Concussion in Denmark from 1999 to 2018: A Nationwide Cohort Study. J Neurotrauma. 2025;42(11-12):994-1007. doi:10.1089/neu.2024.0217 PMID: 39096128

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The Co-Occurrence of Vestibular/Ocular Motor Provocation and State Anxiety in Adolescents and Young Adults with Concussion

脑震荡青少年及青年患者中前庭 / 眼动激发症状与焦虑的共现情况

Vestibular/ocular motor provocation and state anxiety are both independently linked to poor recovery outcomes following concussion. However, the relationship between these two clinical presentations and their co-occurring effects on concussion recovery outcomes is understudied. The purpose was to examine the co-occurring effects of vestibular/ocular motor provocation and state anxiety following concussion. Vestibular/ocular motor provocation is associated with increased state anxiety following concussion, and the addition of clinical state anxiety to vestibular/ocular motor provocation increases the odds for protracted recovery. Clinicians should assess vestibular/ocular motor function and anxiety following concussion.

前庭 / 眼动激发症状与焦虑均与脑震荡后的不良恢复结局独立相关。然而，这两种临床表现之间的关系及其共同出现时对脑震荡恢复结局的影响尚未得到充分研究。本研究旨在探讨脑震荡后前庭 / 眼动激发症状与状态焦虑共同出现时的影响。研究发现，脑震荡后的前庭 / 眼动激发症状与状态焦虑加剧相关，且在存在前庭 / 眼动激发症状的基础上，若同时出现临床状态焦虑，会增加恢复延迟的可能性。临床医生在处理脑震荡患者时，应评估其前庭 / 眼动功能及焦虑状况。

REF: Womble MN, Durfee KJ, Jennings S, et al. The Co-Occurrence of Vestibular/Ocular Motor Provocation and State Anxiety in Adolescents and Young Adults with Concussion. J Neurotrauma. 2025;42(11-12):985-993. doi:10.1089/neu.2024.0472 PMID: 39714308

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Sex Differences in Neurological Outcome at 6 and 12 Months Following Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. An Observational Analysis of the OXY-TC Trial

重度创伤性脑损伤后6个月和12个月神经功能结局的性别差异：OXY-TC 试验的观察性分析

The effect of sex in outcomes after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains uncertain. We explored whether outcomes differed between women and men after standardized care management during the first 5 days in the intensive care unit (ICU). In conclusion, women sustained more severe ICP and required more active treatment, both of which would explain a worse outcome after severe TBI. Prospective research is required to confirm these findings and identify possible mechanisms.

性别对重度创伤性脑损伤（TBI）预后的影响仍不明确。本研究探讨了在重症监护病房（ICU）接受标准化管理的前 5 天内，女性和男性的预后是否存在差异。结论是，女性颅内压升高（ICP）更为严重，且需要更积极的治疗，这两点或许可以解释为何女性在重度创伤性脑损伤后的预后更差。未来需要开展前瞻性研究来证实这些发现，并明确可能的作用机制。

REF: Payen JF, Vilotitch A, Gauss T, et al. Sex Differences in Neurological Outcome at 6 and 12 Months Following Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. An Observational Analysis of the OXY-TC Trial. J Neurotrauma. 2025;42(11-12):974-984. doi:10.1089/neu.2024.0390 PMID: 39846855

由人工翻译修正

Absence of the Neurogenic Response to a Repeated Concussive-Like Injury and Associated Deficits in Strategy Flexibility

反复性震荡样损伤后神经发生反应的缺失及相关的策略灵活性障碍

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes transient but robust increases in hippocampal neurogenesis, referred to here as the neurogenic response, which is distinct from baseline or constitutive levels of neurogenesis. The neurogenic response may reflect a restorative process for cognitive recovery from TBI. It is unknown whether the hippocampus remains capable of eliciting another neurogenic response to a subsequent TBI, and whether a potential loss in this endogenous repair mechanism affects cognitive recovery from a repeated TBI. To address this, 2-month-old male and female mice received a sham or mild TBI (mTBI) using the closed-head concussive injury model. Although our data may indicate that the absence of the neurogenic response could include impairments in the proliferative capacity of the radial glia-like stem cells, an alternative explanation could involve adaptative responses that alter the injury severity of the second mTBI. These possible explanations need to be validated in order to move forward with therapeutic strategies to reengage the neurogenic response.

创伤性脑损伤（TBI）会导致海马神经发生短暂但显著的增加，这种现象在此被称为神经发生反应，它有别于基线水平或固有的神经发生水平。这种神经发生反应可能反映了一种从创伤性脑损伤中恢复认知功能的修复过程。目前尚不清楚，海马体在遭受后续创伤性脑损伤时是否仍能引发另一次神经发生反应，以及这种内源性修复机制若存在潜在丧失，是否会影响反复性创伤性脑损伤后的认知功能恢复。为解决这一问题，研究人员采用闭合性头部震荡损伤模型，对 2 月龄的雄性和雌性小鼠实施了假手术或轻度创伤性脑损伤（mTBI）。尽管我们的数据可能表明，神经发生反应的缺失可能包括放射状胶质样干细胞增殖能力的受损，但另一种解释可能涉及适应性反应，这种反应改变了第二次轻度创伤性脑损伤的损伤程度。这些可能的解释需要得到验证，以便推进旨在重新激活神经发生反应的治疗策略。

REF: Bah TM, Yeturu SN, Samudrala N, Feller S, Bui B, Villasana L. Absence of the Neurogenic Response to a Repeated Concussive-Like Injury and Associated Deficits in Strategy Flexibility. J Neurotrauma. 2025;42(11-12):952-973. doi:10.1089/neu.2024.0405 PMID: 39960809

由人工翻译修正

Re-Examining the Brain Injury Guidelines in Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury: Can Simple Isolated Non-Displaced Skull Fractures be Treated as a BIG-1 Injury?

重新审视儿童创伤性脑损伤的《脑损伤指南》：单纯孤立非移位性颅骨骨折能否按 BIG-1 级损伤处理？

Children with mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) often receive unnecessary imaging studies, hospital admissions, and interhospital transfers leading to avoidable burdens to patients, caregivers, and health systems. The Brain Injury Guidelines (BIG) consider a non-displaced skull fracture as a BIG-2 injury warranting hospitalization. In our clinical experience, patients with simple isolated non-displaced linear skull fractures seldom develop TBI-related complications. In this study, we evaluated the need for hospital admission for simple isolated linear skull fractures by examining the occurrence of clinically important TBI (ci-TBI) and patient outcome. We performed a retrospective study evaluating pediatric TBI admissions from 2018 to 2023 using an institutional registry of TBI patients requiring neurosurgery consultation. In the context of the BIG, the patients can be considered for re-classification to a BIG-1 injury, which can reduce interhospital transfer and admission rates following implementation, while maintaining patient safety. A revised BIG classification for pediatric injuries is proposed.

患有轻度创伤性脑损伤（TBI）的儿童往往接受了不必要的影像学检查、住院治疗和院际转诊，这给患者、医护人员和医疗系统带来了可减轻的负担。《脑损伤指南》（BIG）将非移位颅骨骨折归为 BIG-2 级损伤，认为需要住院治疗。根据我们的临床经验，患有单纯孤立非移位性线性颅骨骨折的患者很少出现与创伤性脑损伤相关的并发症。本研究通过考察具有临床意义的创伤性脑损伤（ci-TBI）的发生情况和患者结局，评估了单纯孤立线性颅骨骨折患者的住院必要性。我们开展了一项回顾性研究，利用需要神经外科会诊的创伤性脑损伤患者的机构登记数据，对 2018 年至 2023 年的儿科创伤性脑损伤住院病例进行了评估。结合《脑损伤指南》，这些患者可考虑重新归类为 BIG-1 级损伤，这样在实施后既能降低院际转诊率和住院率，又能保障患者安全。研究还提出了针对儿科损伤修订版的《脑损伤指南》分类标准。

REF: Castillo J, Mo JT, Ojla DS, et al. Re-Examining the Brain Injury Guidelines in Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury: Can Simple Isolated Non-Displaced Skull Fractures be Treated as a BIG-1 Injury?. J Neurotrauma. 2025;42(11-12):944-951. doi:10.1089/neu.2024.0507 PMID: 40014432

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Objective Turning Measures Improve Diagnostic Accuracy and Relate to Simulated Real-World Mobility/Combat Readiness in Chronic Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

转身评估可提高慢性轻度创伤性脑损伤诊断的准确性，并与模拟真实世界活动能力/战争准备状态相关联

Balance and mobility problems are common consequences after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). However, turning and nonstraight gait, which are required for daily living, are rarely assessed in clinical tests of function after mTBI. Therefore, the primary goals of this study were to assess (1) the added value of clinic-based turning task variables, obtained using wearable sensors, over standard general assessments of mobility, and (2) assess the associations between general assessments of mobility, objective variables from clinic-based turning tasks, and ecologically relevant functional tasks. Compared to general assessments of mobility, clinic-based turning tasks may be more ecologically relevant to daily function. Future work should continue to examine the CTC and mIAT alongside other promising tools for return-to-activity assessments.

平衡和移动能力问题是轻度创伤性脑损伤（mTBI）后的常见并发症。然而，日常生活所需的转身动作和非直线步态，在 mTBI 后的临床功能测试中却很少被评估。因此，本研究的主要目标是：（1）评估通过可穿戴传感器获取的基于临床的转身任务变量，相比标准的一般性移动能力评估所具有的附加价值；（2）一般性移动能力评估、基于临床的转身任务客观变量与生态相关功能任务之间的关联。与一般性移动能力评估相比，基于临床的转身任务可能与日常功能具有更高的生态相关性。未来的研究应继续将 CTC（连续转身测试）和 mIAT（改良惯性评估测试）与其他有潜力的工具一起，用于评估重返活动能力。

REF: Fino PC, Antonellis P, Parrington L, et al. Objective Turning Measures Improve Diagnostic Accuracy and Relate to Simulated Real-World Mobility/Combat Readiness in Chronic Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma. 2025;42(11-12):929-943. doi:10.1089/neu.2024.0127 PMID: 40135290 PMCID: PMC12169904

由人工翻译修正

Analysis of Concussions with Persisting Symptoms Caused by Motor Vehicle Crashes in 136 Vehicle Occupants Shows that Females Are Vulnerable Road Users

对136名机动车驾乘人员因碰撞导致的持续性脑震荡症状的分析表明，女性是易受伤害的

At the Canadian Concussion Centre, we treated 136 patients from 2000 to 2020 who sustained concussion plus persisting concussion symptoms (C+PCS) as motor vehicle occupants involved in motor vehicle crashes (MVCs). This center specializes in the treatment of patients with C+PCS. The objective of the present study was to identify strategies for preventing concussion among vehicle occupants involved in MVC. Indeed, this is the first study focused on C+PCS in MVC occupants, and our main purpose was to evaluate the effectiveness of onboard concussion prevention strategies. Based on the findings, we conclude that females are indeed vulnerable road users with respect to C+PCS, and our literature search showed that there had been some previous evidence of increased injury risk of other injuries in female occupants. We recommend that additional prevention strategies are required to reduce the post-crash acceleration-deceleration "bobble-head" movement of the head on trunk causing both concussion and whiplash as has been accomplished in auto racing. Also, these prevention measures must be investigated in crash studies that include low-to-high speed rear-end collisions using anthropometrically appropriate models of male and female occupants reflecting the range of sizes of both sexes. There is a need for more concussion brain injury prevention research focusing on the vulnerability of female occupants, which has not been sufficiently addressed even though the deficiency was identified many years ago. The sex inequity of current onboard motor vehicle concussion brain injury prevention measures especially with respect to females should be addressed by governments and the automobile and insurance industries.

在加拿大脑震荡中心，我们于 2000 年至 2020 年间治疗了 136 名患者，这些患者均为机动车碰撞事故（MVCs）中的乘车人员，他们遭受了脑震荡并伴有持续性脑震荡症状（C+PCS）。该中心专门治疗患有脑震荡合并持续性脑震荡症状的患者。本研究的目的是确定预防机动车碰撞事故中乘车人员发生脑震荡的策略。实际上，这是首项针对机动车碰撞事故乘车人员脑震荡合并持续性脑震荡症状的研究，我们的主要目的是评估车载脑震荡预防策略的有效性。根据研究结果，我们得出结论：在脑震荡合并持续性脑震荡症状方面，女性确实是易受伤害的道路使用者。我们的文献检索显示，此前已有一些证据表明，女性乘车人员发生其他类型损伤的风险更高。我们建议，需要采取额外的预防策略，以减少碰撞后头部在躯干上的加速 - 减速 “摇头娃娃式” 运动（这种运动既会导致脑震荡，也会引发挥鞭伤），就像在赛车领域已经实现的那样。此外，这些预防措施必须在碰撞研究中进行测试，研究应涵盖低速到高速的追尾碰撞，并使用与人体测量学相符的男性和女性乘员模型，以反映男女不同体型范围。有必要开展更多针对脑震荡性脑损伤预防的研究，重点关注女性乘车人员的易受伤害性。尽管这一不足多年前就已被发现，但至今仍未得到充分解决。政府以及汽车和保险行业应当解决当前车载机动车脑震荡性脑损伤预防措施在性别方面的不公平问题，尤其是针对女性的不公平。

REF: Tator CH, Scott OFT, Elkin BS, et al. Analysis of Concussions with Persisting Symptoms Caused by Motor Vehicle Crashes in 136 Vehicle Occupants Shows that Females Are Vulnerable Road Users. J Neurotrauma. 2025;42(11-12):916-928. doi:10.1089/neu.2024.0207 PMID: 39605201 PMCID: PMC12167843

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