腰痛可由腰肌劳损、腰椎间盘突出症、慢性胰腺炎等多种疾病导致。
多项研究表明，吸烟和腰痛密切相关！
Shiri 等的研究结果显示不吸烟者腰痛发病率低于有吸烟史者，有吸烟史者低于当前吸烟者。
Schembri等的研究认为吸烟与慢性腰痛和/或慢性神经根性疼痛的风险增加独立相关。
Øiestad 等的研究认为18-29岁腰痛危险因素包括腰痛史、BMI高和吸烟等。
Yang 等的研究指出美国成年人群与腰痛相关的行为相关因素包括缺乏运动、吸烟或吸烟史、饮酒或饮酒史、睡眠时间短和肥胖。
Fujii 等的研究指出83%的日本成年人在其一生中出现过腰痛，其危险因素包括教育程度较低、交通伤害、腰部手术和吸烟等。
Alhowimel等一项关于沙特阿拉伯青少年的研究指出，青少年腰痛与年龄、糖尿病、心脏病、肺部疾病、甲状腺疾病、关节炎和腰部手术、腰痛家族史以及吸烟相关。
Garcia 等一项针对拉丁美洲人群的研究指出，长时间工作、工人处于坐姿、肥胖和超重、怀孕、吸烟、高龄、举重和搬运重物、久坐及工作时间是腰痛发病的影响因素。
Green 等一项涉及5252012名美国成年人的研究指出，腰痛和吸烟显著相关；有吸烟史人群腰痛发病率高于无吸烟史人群。
Stevans 等的一项研究显示肥胖、吸烟和焦虑等是急性腰痛发展到慢性（＞6月）的影响因素。
Shiri 等的研究显示吸烟和剧烈体力劳动会增加腰痛和腰椎神经根性疼痛风险。
Wong 等的研究显示，老年人腰痛与女性、肥胖、焦虑、抑郁、吸烟、腿部疼痛、腿部疼痛强度、使用止痛药、椎间盘间隙变窄等相关。
Bento 等的研究显示年龄、受教育程度、高血压和吸烟与男性腰痛相关；职业和人体工程学因素与女性腰痛有关。
Parreira等的研究指出高龄、吸烟、身心压力大会增加腰痛或/和坐骨神经痛风险。
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