01. 慢性硬膜下血肿亚型患者地塞米松治疗后血肿大小的变化：一项针对有症状患者的前瞻性研究

02. 小鼠脑干的功能性连接代表了脑震荡恢复的迹象

03. 应用CT放射学特征无创性评估颅脑损伤患者的颅内高压：一项探索性研究

04. 白质完整性与存在并发症的轻、中、重度颅脑损伤后军人和退伍军人的认知有关，但与无并发症的轻度颅脑损伤无关

05. 血清酰肉碱与颅脑外伤后颅内损伤患者远期功能预后的关系：一项多中心前瞻性研究

06. 职业橄榄球运动员脑震荡后重返赛场的血液生物标志物

07. 唾液皮质醇作为青少年运动相关震荡损伤的生物标志物

08. 有症状的前国家橄榄球联盟球员定量电生理学反映的脑连接性的长期变化

09. 载脂蛋白ɛ4和年龄与中重型颅脑损伤后一年的情绪困扰相关

10. 脑外伤后TNF-α通过NF-κB/iNOS轴损伤周细胞介导的脑微循环

11. CCR2基因敲除不影响幼鼠创伤性脑损伤后癫痫敏感性、组织损伤或细胞炎症

12. 改善脑膜淋巴管功能促进颅脑损伤后脑水肿吸收

13. 听力损失和创伤性脑损伤在爆炸致皮质细小白蛋白神经元丢失和听觉加工障碍中的作用

14. 创伤性脑损伤患者及其照顾者认知和行为数字健康干预的系统评价

15. 一篇基于微透析的颅脑损伤后异常代谢状态分类的综述

原文题目：

Change in Hematoma Size after Dexamethasone Therapy in Chronic Subdural Hematoma Subtypes: A Prospective Study in Symptomatic Patients

原文链接：

https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/neu.2022.0024

[Miah IP, Blanter A, Tank Y, et al. Change in Hematoma Size after Dexamethasone Therapy in Chronic Subdural Hematoma Subtypes: A Prospective Study in Symptomatic Patients. J Neurotrauma. 2023;40(3-4):228-239. doi:10.1089/neu.2022.0024 PMID: 36029208]

The aim of this substudy was to identify which hematoma subtype might be favorable for dexamethasone therapy. Largest hematoma reduction and better clinical improvement was observed in chronic subdural hematoma without hyperdense components after dexamethasone therapy. Evaluation of these parameters can be part of an individualized treatment strategy.

这项亚研究的目的是确定哪种血肿亚型可能有利于地塞米松的治疗。无高密度成分的慢性硬膜下血肿经地塞米松治疗后血肿缩小幅度最大，临床改善更明显。这些参数的评估可以作为个体化治疗策略的一部分。

原文题目：

Functional Connectivity in the Mouse Brainstem Represents Signs of Recovery from Concussion

原文链接：

https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/neu.2022.0126

We investigated temporal changes in functional connectivity and evaluated network properties of functional networks in the mouse brainstem. This study suggests that functional connectivity in the mouse brainstem provides vital recovery signs from concussion through functional reorganization.

我们研究了功能性连接的时间变化，并评估了小鼠脑干功能网络的网络特性。这项研究表明，小鼠脑干的功能连接通过功能重组提供了从脑震荡中恢复的重要迹象。

原文题目：

Non-Invasive Assessment of Intracranial Hypertension in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury Using Computed Tomography Radiomic Features: A Pilot Study

原文链接：

https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/neu.2022.0277

This study aimed to assess intracranial hypertension in patients with traumatic brain injury non-invasively using computed tomography (CT) radiomic features. The study shows that the radiomic features analysis, especially second-order features, can be used to evaluate intracranial hypertension non-invasively compared with conventional clinical features, given its potential for clinical practice and further research.

本研究旨在应用CT放射学特征无创评估颅脑损伤患者的颅内高压。研究表明，与传统的临床特征相比，放射学特征分析，特别是二阶特征，可用于无创性地评价颅内高压，具有临床应用和进一步研究的潜力。

The present study examined DTI metric differences between service members and veterans (SMVs) with bodily injury (Trauma Control; TC), uncomplicated mild TBI (mTBI), complicated mild TBI (compTBI), and severe-moderate TBI combined (smTBI), and how DTI metrics related to cognition within each group. Overall, findings suggest a dose-response relationship between TBI severity and the strength of the relationship between white matter integrity and cognitive performance, with essentially no relationship in mTBI, some findings in compTBI, and several strongly significant relationships in smTBI. In contrast to previously reported findings, there were no differences in DTI metrics between controls, mTBI, and compTBI, and DTI metrics were unrelated to cognition in our relatively large mTBI group.

本研究考察了躯体损伤（创伤控制；TC）、无并发症轻度脑损伤（mTBI）、有并发症的轻度脑损伤（compTBI）和重型-中度脑损伤合并（smTBI）的军人和退伍军人（SMVs）之间的DTI测量差异，以及DTI测量与认知之间的关系。总体而言，研究结果表明，颅脑损伤的严重性与白质完整性和认知能力之间的关系的强度之间存在剂量-反应关系，而在mTBI中基本上没有关系，在compTBI中有一些发现，在smTBI中存在非常显著的关联。与之前报道的结果相反，在对照组、mTBI和compTBI之间，DTI指标没有差异，并且在我们相对较大的mTBI组中，DTI指标与认知无关。

原文题目：

Serum Acylcarnitine and Long-Term Functional Prognosis after Traumatic Brain Injury with Intracranial Injury: A Multi-Center Prospective Study

原文链接：

https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/neu.2022.0096

This study is a multi-center prospective cohort study in which adult TBI patients with intracranial injury visiting the emergency departments (EDs) from December 2018 to June 2020 were enrolled. As a result, Higher serum acylcarnitine levels are associated with poor functional outcomes at 1 month/6 months after injury for TBI patients with intracranial injury.

本研究是一项多中心前瞻性队列研究，纳入2018年12月至2020年6月在急诊科就诊的成人颅脑损伤患者。结果表明，颅脑外伤后存在颅内损伤患者伤后1个月/6个月时，血清酰肉碱水平升高与功能预后不良有关。

原文题目：

Blood Biomarkers for Return to Play after Concussion in Professional Rugby Players

原文链接：

https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/neu.2022.0148

We prospectively evaluated a panel of seven blood biomarkers (S100 calcium-binding protein B [S100B], neuron specific enolase [NSE], spectrin breakdown products [SBDP], ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 [UCHL1], glial fibrillary acidic protein [GFAP], neurofilament light chain [NFL], and tubulin-associated unit [Tau]) for sport-related concussion (SRC) in a large multi-centric cohort of 496 professional rugby players from 14 French elite teams. In the context of our study, during HIA-3 assessment, S100B seems to perform better than NSE, SBDP, UCHL1, GFAP, NFL, and Tau as biomarker for SRC. From a clinical standpoint, the S100B modification over baseline may be valuable, at 36 h after concussion to distinguish non-resolutive SRC from resolutive SRC.

我们前瞻性地评估了七种血液生物标志物（S100钙结合蛋白B[S100B]、神经元特异性烯醇化酶[NSE]、血影蛋白分解产物[SBDP]、泛素C末端水解酶L1[UCHL1]、胶质纤维酸性蛋白[GFAP]、神经丝轻链[NFL]和微管蛋白相关单元[Tau]）对来自14支法国精英球队的496名职业橄榄球运动员的运动相关性脑震荡（SRC）的影响。在我们的研究背景下，在HIA-3评估中，作为SRC的生物标志物，S100B似乎比NSE、SBDP、UCHL1、GFAP、NFL和Tau表现得更好。从临床的角度来看，在脑震荡后36小时，S100B在基线上的改变可能是有价值的，以区分不能分辨的SRC和能分辨的SRC。

原文题目：

Saliva Cortisol as a Biomarker of Injury in Youth Sport-Related Concussion

原文链接：

https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/neu.2022.0190

This cohort study investigated the change in saliva cortisol following SRC and the association between cortisol and symptom burden in pediatric ice hockey players. Although preliminary, these findings suggest that the HPA axis may be dysregulated post-SRC. Further, our exploratory analysis and case presentation of post-injury outliers highlight the need to further research cortisol as a prognostic biomarker to inform individualized sex-specific care after SRC.

这项队列研究调查了儿童冰球运动员SRC后唾液皮质醇的变化以及皮质醇与症状之间的关系。虽然这些发现是初步的，但这些发现表明HPA轴在SRC后可能是失调的。此外，我们对损伤后异常值的探索性分析和病例介绍强调了进一步研究皮质醇作为预后生物标记物的必要性，以告知SRC后个性化的性别照护。

Ten minutes of eyes closed resting EEG data were collected from a frontal and frontotemporal electrode montage (BrainScope Food and Drug Administration-cleared EEG acquisition device), as well as assessments of neuropsychiatric function and age of first exposure (AFE) to American football. The presence of a profile of EEG abnormalities in the NFL retirees and in those with younger AFE includes features associated with neurodegeneration and the disruption of neuronal transmission between regions. These results support the long-term consequences of RHI and the potential of EEG as a biomarker of persistent changes in brain function.

从额叶和额颞叶电极（BrainScope食品和药物管理局批准的脑电采集设备）收集了10分钟闭眼休息的脑电数据，以及神经精神功能和首次接触美式足球的年龄（AFE）的评估。NFL退休人员和年轻AFE患者的脑电异常特征包括与神经退行性变和区域间神经元传递中断相关的特征。这些结果支持了RHI的长期后果和EEG作为大脑功能持续变化的生物标志物的潜力。

We examined whether APOE ɛ4 was associated with emotional distress 1 year following moderate-severe TBI, and whether this relationship was moderated by age, sex, and TBI severity (as indexed by the duration of post-traumatic amnesia [PTA]). If these findings can be independently replicated, APOE ɛ4 carriage status, interpreted in the context of age, could be incorporated into risk prediction models of emotional distress after moderate-severe TBI, enhancing targeted early detection and intervention efforts.

我们研究了APOEɛ4是否与中重度脑外伤后1年的情绪困扰有关，以及是否与年龄、性别和脑外伤严重程度（以创伤后健忘症的持续时间为指标）的相关。如果这些发现能够独立再现，在年龄背景下解释的载脂蛋白Eɛ4携带状态可以被纳入中重度脑外伤后情绪困扰的风险预测模型中，从而加强有针对性的早期发现和干预努力。

We assessed TNF-α/NF-κB signaling and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and the effects of the TNF-α inhibitor infliximab after TBI. In conclusion, our study suggests that microglia released TNF-α after TBI, which promoted neuroinflammation and oxidative stress by activating downstream NF-κB/iNOS signals, and this led to pericyte-mediated disturbance of the cerebral microcirculation.

我们评估了脑外伤后，TNF-α/NF-κB信号转导和iNOS，以及TNF-α抑制剂英夫利昔单抗的作用。综上所述，我们的研究表明，脑外伤后小胶质细胞释放TNF-α，通过激活下游的NF-κB/iNOS信号，促进神经炎症和氧化应激，从而导致周细胞介导的脑微循环障碍。

We here hypothesized that peripheral blood-derived macrophages, recruited into the injured brain via C-C motif ligand 2 (CCL2) chemokine/C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2) signaling, contributes to neuroinflammation and thus seizure susceptibility after experimental pediatric TBI. We propose that age may be an important factor differentiating our findings from previous studies in which targeting CCL2/CCR2 has been reported to be anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective or anti-seizure.

我们假设，外周血源性巨噬细胞通过C-C基序配体2（CCL2）趋化因子/C-C趋化因子受体2型（CCR2）信号被募集到受损的脑内，参与了幼鼠脑损伤后的神经炎症，从而导致癫痫易感性。我们认为，年龄可能是区别于先前研究的一个重要因素，在先前的研究中，靶向CCL2/CCR2已被报道具有抗炎、神经保护或抗癫痫作用。

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of ketoprofen, 9-cis retinoic acid (RA) and vascular endothelial cell growth factor-C (VEGF-C), which promote the proliferation of peripheral lymphatic vessels, on the cerebellar medullary cistern injection of TBI rats, as well as their mechanism of action on brain edema after TBI. The findings may provide new ideas for the treatment of brain edema after TBI.

本研究旨在观察酮洛芬、9-顺式维甲酸（RA）和血管内皮细胞生长因子-C（VEGF-C）对脑创伤大鼠小脑延髓池内注射促外周淋巴管增殖的影响，并探讨其对脑损伤后脑水肿的作用机制。这一发现可能为脑外伤后脑水肿的治疗提供新的思路。

Here, we identified distinct changes to the primary auditory cortex (AI) and temporal processing in mice following blast exposure both with and without protected hearing. Taken together, the results indicate that protecting hearing during blast exposure can prevent most impairments to auditory processing but does not fully protect temporal processing.

在这里，我们发现在有和没有听力保护的情况下，爆炸暴露后小鼠的初级听觉皮质（AI）和空间处理能力都发生了明显的变化。综上所述，结果表明，在爆炸暴露期间保护听力可以防止听觉的大多数损害，但不能完全保护空间处理能力。

This review evaluates and synthesizes reports of digital health interventions in TBI rehabilitation and caregiver education. Digital health interventions for people with TBI and their caregivers are feasible and all studies reported positive outcomes; however, few included blind assessors. Improved methodological rigor, clearly described intervention characteristics and consistent outcome measurement is recommended. Further research is needed regarding multi-modal digital health interventions.

这篇综述整合了数字健康干预在脑外伤康复和照顾者教育中的研究。对脑外伤患者及其照顾者进行数字健康干预是可行的，所有研究都报告了积极的结果；然而，很少有单盲或者双盲评估者。建议改进方法严谨性、清楚描述干预特征和一致的结果测量。需要进一步对多模式数字化健康干预进行研究。

This systematic review summarizes the published literature on microdialysis-based abnormal metabolic classifications following TBI. Although variability exists among individual classifications, there is broad agreement about broad definitions of metabolic crisis, ischemia, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Identifying the etiology of deranged cerebral metabolism after TBI is important for targeting therapeutic interventions.

本文系统总结了已发表的基于微透析的脑外伤后代谢异常分类的文献。尽管个体分类之间存在差异，但对代谢危象、缺血和线粒体功能障碍的广泛定义有广泛的共识。确定脑外伤后脑代谢紊乱的病因对于靶向治疗干预非常重要。

A systematic review of the literature was performed, with searches and data extraction performed independently in duplicate by two authors. Eighteen published articles were identified for inclusion: seventeen pre-clinical studies of in vivo animal models and one clinical study in human patients. This systematic review provides substantial meta-analysis evidence of the benefits of PBM on functional and histological outcomes of TBI in in vivo mammalian models. Study design and PBM parameters should be closely considered for future human clinical studies.

对文献进行了系统的回顾，由两位作者独立进行一式两份的检索和数据提取。18篇已发表的文章被确定纳入：17篇动物模型的临床前研究和1项人类患者的临床研究。这篇系统的综述提供了大量的荟萃分析证据，证明了PBM对活体哺乳动物模型中脑外伤的功能和组织学预后的益处。在未来的人类临床研究中，应更多考虑研究设计和PBM参数。

首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院神经外科博士研究生

主要研究方向为糖皮质激素在创伤性脑损伤后继发性损伤和修复的机制