假期论文写作提升专题︱英文缩写词的书写原则、如何正确地“给药” - 脑医汇 - 神外资讯

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Iain C. Bruce教授祖籍英国，现任Neuroscience Bulletin（NB）执行副主编（2011年8月至今），北京大学分子医学研究所客座教授，曾任浙江大学医学院教授、江南大学访问教授、香港大学副教授。从事生命科学英文论文写作教学30余年，在香港大学、台湾成功大学、浙江大学和北京大学开设生物学专业英文论文写作课程，并著有《生命科学论文写作指南》一书，广受好评。2006年以来，他为北京大学和浙江大学科研人员修改润色生命科学论文数百篇；为NB修改润色论文1400余篇，为保障NB文章的发表质量，做出了突出贡献。

2023年，时值Iain C. Bruce教授担任NB执行副主编12周年，NB编辑部特邀请他整理出他多年的工作心得，以“NB卓越论文写作技能提升”栏目在NB微信订阅号“神经小灵通”系列发表。其内容为生命科学英文论文撰写中的常见错误纠正等，专门针对中国生命科学界的青年学者和研究生。

希望此栏目能对大家的英文论文写作技能提升有所助益，敬请大家持续关注。

目

录

本期：

NB卓越论文写作技能提升-1︱英文缩写词的书写原则
NB卓越论文写作技能提升-2︱如何正确地“给药”

精彩继续：

NB卓越论文写作技能提升-3︱不要小看这一撇（'）
NB卓越论文写作技能提升-4︱千万不要“反向翻译”
NB卓越论文写作技能提升-5︱描述结果时避免使用CAN/COULD
NB卓越论文写作技能提升-6︱common不等于popular
NB卓越论文写作技能提升-7︱detect还是measure?
NB卓越论文写作技能提升-8︱这些名词请使用单数！

NB卓越论文写作技能提升-1

英文缩写词的书写原则

Iain C. Bruce 课堂

ABBREVIATIONS（缩写词）

例句：

Young investigators (YIs) automatically add an abbreviation/acronym (AA) whenever a complex term (CT) or complex sequence of terms (CSOT) appears in the manuscript (MS). However, an AA is only useful if the CT or CSOT is used many times in the subsequent text. Recently, I have noticed AAs being used for terms that never appear again (TTNAAs) in the MS. The usefulness of an AA (UOAA) can be checked by clicking on the “find” function of the word processor (FFWP). So, YIs should not use TTNAAs and only use AAs for CTs and CSOTs if the UOAA is evident from an FFWP check of the MS.

I wrote the above as a (slight) exaggeration of the abbreviation reflex. Always keep the poor reader in mind; each time you use an acronym you force the reader to memorize it. If a search returns no results or only two or three occurrences, delete the abbreviation. The more difficult a paper is to read, the less likely it will be read (or cited). A useful source to check for the generally accepted meaning of any abbreviation or acronym can be found in Biomedical Acronyms. For example, I checked MPTP and found 79.9% hits for 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, and 3.7% hits for mitochondrial permeability transition pore. Therefore, to avoid confusion, the abbreviation for the pore should probably be changed to something else. Many journals discourage the use of abbreviations other than standard ones like DNA, PCR, or MRI. Others limit the number of abbreviations. An extreme form of this sensible hostility to abbreviations is at the European Journal of General Medicine:

“Abbreviations are permitted, but no more than 3 per manuscript, and then they must be used on every page of the manuscript after they are spelled out (followed by the abbreviation) in both abstract and introduction. Abbreviations are usually limited to terms in the manuscript’s title.”

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知识点总结

1、只有在文稿中多次出现的复杂术语才建议使用缩写词；

2、如果文稿中复杂术语出现的次数少于3次，请使用全称；

3、请从“Biomedical Acronyms”网站查找并选用标准缩写词；

网址：

https://www.allacronyms.com/biomedical/abbreviations

4、建议文稿中出现的缩写词不要超过3个，并且通常仅限于出现在文稿标题当中的术语；

5、在文稿的“摘要”和“前言”中出现的缩略词，请按照“全称 (缩写词)”的方式展现。

NB卓越论文写作技能提升-2

如何正确地“给药”

Iain C. Bruce 课堂

ADMINISTRATE（给药）

While it is correct to describe the administration of a drug as, for example, intravenous or intraperitoneal, what you actually do is administer it to a patient or animal. You cannot administrate a drug.

Delete administrate from your vocabulary.

EXAMPLE：

“Rats were administrated of dopamine with intraventricular.” (worse)

Dopamine was administered to the rats by intraventricular injection. (better)

[Note that these were the specific rats used in the experiments, so a the is needed.]

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知识点总结

1、“给药”的方式包括intravenous或intraperitoneal等；

2、“给药”这个动作请不要使用“administrate"；

3、“给药”请使用”administer“，比如"administer 某种药物 to 动物/人"或者"某种药物 was administered to 动物/人"；

4、特指用于某种实验的动物，前面一定要加“the”。

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